Ethical and Legal Debates on Assisted Suicide and...

One of the greatest miracles in life, is life itself, but where is life there’s death. So as unexpected as life is shall death be the same, or can we choose on how we leave this earth. Over the years, the laws and ethical consternation regarding the debatable subject of euthanasia and assisted suicide, have been questioned frequently by society. Though the question may never be answered between euthanasia and assisted suicide being right or wrong, the fact of the matter is that people are still choosing their fate. In America, euthanasia refers to a person knowingly, and purposely taking another persons life, or in a more factual meaning killing someone who in fact couldn’t kill himself. Euthanasia also known as â€Å"mercy killing† is in†¦show more content†¦Which would grant the patient death by natural causes. Whether your for or against euthanasia or assisted suicide, one major part between life and death is the cost of living. The price for End-of-Life care and life support has skyrocket over the past few years because of technology. Although technology has improved over the years on sustaining life, it has not been proving to cure certain illness, and the cost of certain machines can well but medical bills in the thousands. In the United States alone, millions of people have no medical insurance, and the elderly, the poor and minorities are often denied adequate treatment thats needed. Even doctors are being forced by HMOs to lower the care for patients who cant afford it. Drugs for assisted suicide cost on an average of $75 to $100, which makes them far less expensive than supplying medical care. However, it’s the patient that makes the ultimate decision between suffering with disease, or accepting euthanasia/ assisted suicide. A person has the right to die with dignity, and since there is many successful cases of assisted suicide a patient can only feel confident on making a big decision. For example the death of P. Matheny was widely known as a successful assisted suicide. P. Matheny was 43 and had suffered Lou Gehrigs disease. For several months, Matheny struggled with a decision on ending his life using a lethalShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Dilemmas Of Euthanasia Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ethical Dilemmas of Euthanasia in Canada with the Legalization of Physician-Assisted Suicide This systematic analysis of the professional literature will explore the ethical dilemmas that Canadian medical professionals face while considering euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide, the latter of which was made legal in Canada on June 17, 2016 (Chochinov and Frazee, 2016). This paper will discusses the conflicts that healthcare professionals are faced with when looking at the quality of lifeRead MoreCritical Reflection : The Euthanasia Debate1652 Words   |  7 PagesReflection: The Euthanasia Debate Medical advancements and improved living conditions worldwide have increased the life span of our population (U.S. Department of State, 2015). As a result, many individuals are now living with degenerative or chronic ailments that require increased support (Vissers et al., 2013). Unfortunately, these illnesses often come with a â€Å"diminished quality of life† (Butler, Tiedemann, Nicol, Valiquet, 2013). These issues have brought forth the euthanasia debate, which posesRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide1418 Words   |  6 Pagespatient’s hope is gone. Many argue that euthanasia is not ethical, but is it really ethical to let someone live in constant, horrifying pain and agony? 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In fact, throughout history euthanasia has been a debate in many countries, some areas accepting the practice, whereas others find it unacceptable. Many people and professionals continue to refer to the Hippocratic Oath, an vow stating the proper conduct for doctors, and its famous wordsRead MoreEuthanasia and Assisted Suicide1645 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are actions at the core of what it means to be human - the moral and ethical actions that make us who we are, or who we ought to be. Euthanasia, a subject known in the twenty-first century, is subject to many discussions about ethical permissibility, which date back to as far as ancient Greece and Rome. It was not until the Hippocratic School removed the practice of euthanasia and assisted suicide f rom medical practice. Euthanasia in itself raises manyRead MoreMovie Analysis : Million Dollar Baby1273 Words   |  6 Pagess a sin if he helps her commit suicide. He understands that she is suffering and even keeping her alive is killing her. Ultimately, Frankie goes to Maggie s hospital room, take her off mechanical ventilation and injects her with adrenaline to end her life. This movie deals with the ethical issues of euthanasia and assisted suicide for people with disabilities or debilitating disease. According to Merriam-webster dictionary, the legal definition of euthanasia is the act or practice of killingRead MoreEthics of Euthanasia Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesthis hardship, even if that relief is suicide. Euthanasia or assisted suicide is where a physician would give a patient an aid in dying. â€Å"Assisted suicide is a controversial medical and ethical issue based on the question of whether, in certain situations, Medical practioners should be allowed to help patients actively determine the time and circumstances of their death† (Lee). â€Å"Arguments for and against assisted suicide (sometimes called the â€Å"right to die† debate) are complicated by the fact that theyRead MoreEuthanasia, And Physician Assisted Suicide863 Words   |  4 Pagescauses debate on moral, ethical and legal grounds. This has led to defining the process under two separate terms for legal purposes. They are: euthanasia, and physician assisted suicide. Internationally, assist ed suicide is a doctor prescribing drugs that end life. The patient is responsible for taking them. Euthanasia is the medication administered by doctors. Today, four countries have laws that allow euthanasia. (Ellis and Bronwyn) A few have laws for physician assisted suicide, and several

Leadership And Leadership Development An Effective...

In this course, Leadership Development, I have gained a better understanding of the fundamentals requires to be an effective leader and my leadership skills. Leadership has a complex meaning. Many definitions of leadership have been identified; Rost says, â€Å"In leadership literature, more than 100 different definitions have been identified† (Rost, 1991, P.1). Leadership to me is the influence an individual has over a group of people as the leader encourages them to work towards a common goal. Being a leader is not a task that everyone was born to do. It is a skill that can be improved over time. To be an effective leader, you have to be able to gain the trust of others and motivate them to achieve a goal. You have to identify the areas/skills you excel in and area/skills you need improvement in. You have to identify and practice your leadership skills that you are your strengths and weaknesses. According to the book, strength, â€Å"Is an attribute or quality of an individ ual that accounts for successful performance† (P. 50). Weaknesses are something you are not good at and results in poor performance, â€Å"Are our limiting attributes† (P. 60). As a developing leader, I have been able to identify areas and skills that are my strengths and weaknesses; along with my weakest skill and area, from taking the assigned assessments, and feedback from others who took an assessment about me to help foster my leadership development plan in becoming a better leader. After carefully analyzing theShow MoreRelatedLeadership And Leadership Development Programs839 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership development is defined as formal and informal training and professional development programs designed for all management and executive-level employees to assist in developing the required leadership skills and styles to deal with a variety of situations (Human Resources, 2011). 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Class Actions and Duplicative Litigation System

Question: Discuss about the Class Actions and Duplicative Litigation System. Answer: Introduction: The lawsuits in which a group of people collectively come together to commence the claims against a different person is known as the Class action. One among the other members of the whole group represents such group in a collective and united manner. As usual, the plaintiff takes legal action against the defendants in a class action on the behalf of the collective group that also considers the people not present during the occasion of litigation (Anderson and Trask 2012). Therefore, this is an individual point towards the key differentiation in a normal court case and a class action, as in the former case, the parties have an obligation of being present physically at the same time as the legal actions are continued. The laws of each state describe the method, which governs and deals with a class action. However, in general, the class action group fit in for the individuals that are being injured in the similar and identical way, by the similar defendant. Therefore, as an alternative to the initializing of the different dealings for a comparable matter, the class action assists the persons that are in the right position to that class action in an unaccompanied lawsuit and the same make a decision upon the claimed injury (Eisenberg 2016). All the way through the evaluation of the connection amid an employer and an employee, a class action may perhaps be avoided, if such a appraisal is being performed in a periodical manner. The engineers have an ability to gain benefits from the class actions for the avoidance of the concern, which have a claim against them. Even though, in case of a class action, one of the harmed parties can be proved erroneous, the establishment of the complete class action can be shuddering (Sherman 2017). Therefore, the actions can have a conclusion and ending easily, without any harassment. In addition, there can be a reduction in the damages alleged through such class actions. Class actions also have an ability of the unification of the indemnity to be compensated, and for this reason avoiding the litigations that have a duplicative nature. The problem, which has been lifted up in the preceding litigations not in favor of the company, or against another association, can have a use as a leading beam for treating the current action, next to the taking of the precautions to avoid future claims (Johnson 2013). In the case of Matthews v AusNet Electricity Services Pty Ltd Ors [2014] VSC 663, the class action was brought against SPI. SPI i.e. Electricity Services Pty Ltd was formerly known as the SPI Electricity Pty Ltd. The case was against UAM i.e. the contractor of maintenance who had the accountability of the periodical examination of the power line up and against the State parties. The State parties comprised of the diverse units that fitted into the State of Victoria and as they were obliged of combating of the fires, administration of the forest land and keeping a watch over of the emergencies (Australasian Legal Information Institute 2014). At this time, a series of individuals can draw closer for the initiation of the class actions in opposition to the parties highlighted in the cases above. Leo Keane was the one who took an initiative of bringing up the class action although, soon after on, the claimant was replaced with Carol Ann Matthews. Mathews made the class action that was on behalf of those considered in the summarization underneath: The people who had claimed for an individual injury; The people who had gone through a monetary loss, that had no dues to the harm caused to their possessions or for the damage caused to those persons; As per the Part 3 of the Wrongs Act 1958, the individuals who were dead owing to fire; and The persons who went through a loss or injury towards their property (State Government of Victoria 2014) In the case quoted above, there was a completion to the significance of approximately an amount of $500 million had been achieved although, any one of the parties under the case did not acknowledge the legal responsibility involved. On the other hand, this did not mean that there was no accountability in the given case. There is a tough base for the acknowledgment of legal responsibility for the damages, which resulted from the bushfires of the Black Saturday (Farnsworth 2016). These have a nature of carelessness and negligence of pure monetary loss. The base of these laws has been highlighted before the application of the above in the given case below: Carelessness or negligence is one among the torts in the country, Australia. Underneath negligence, an entity is indebted towards a responsibility of care towards one another and there is a contravention of the duty, which has consequences in causing harm or injury to the other person (Turner 2013). In order to get an establishment of a case of casualness, there must be a clear establishment of the obligation of care. This has to be followed by a contravention of the duty of concern and the violation has a result in an injury or damage. The above constitute the indispensable elements of negligence, devoid of which a case of negligence is unattainable (Greene 2013). The validation in the wake of negligence is the affixation of a commitment of care on populace carrying on some doings, which can cause a risk that would result in an injury to the other person. However, the cause between the injury and the casualness must have a direct connection. The damage caused need to have a substantial nature and cannot be too small. Finally yet importantly, there must be an ability of foreseeing the risks and hazards, to establish a breach of duty of concern and care (Latimer 2012). The case of the snail in the bottle also known as the case Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100 is a leading example of negligence and its arguments. In the case mentioned above, Donoghue who was the end user had drunk the ginger beer from the bottle produced by Stevenson. After drinking the beer, he fell ill which was a result of the snail found dead in the bottle. The producer held that the plaintiff should sue the caf owner as he had served the bottle and not the producer himself. The cafe was located in Paisley, Renfrewshire but the court apprehended and held that the producer company has an obligation towards the maintenance of the duty of concern to its clients and therefore, had to pay required compensation Donoghue for her losses that were a result of negligence on the part of the producer (Kelly et al. 2014). A comparable observation was in use in the case of the Grant v The Australian Knitting Mills [1935] UKPC 2, where the producer company had an obligation to reimburse Grant for the resultant dermatitis towards the negligence of the defendant in the production of the woolen underpants (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2014). In the above-mentioned case study, the neglected scenario was applied through the legal legislation of the Wrongs Act 1958. Section 48 of the given act has a covering of the essential ideologies connected with the negligence. The section also commands that the threat or risk has to be expected or predictable. As per the section 49 of the given act, the load of taking safety measures is determined through the information of evasion of the risk of damage, in addition to the acts succeeding and those which could have been undertaken to diminish the risk of injury (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2014). In the given case, the claimant had to ascertain the negligence of SPI and the burden of establishing the same had been placed on the applicant under section 52 of the Act. It was based on the stability of likelihood in addition to the relevant particulars that were considerable to the problem of the occurrences (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2014). SPI had successfully proved that there was an existence of genuine risk of collapse related to the planned assessment. For SPI, the negligence had been claimed about the trouble in lawful sense, the asset managing, the re-closer of the oil-operated circuit, the damper under target, and the administration of electricity. As per Osborn J, SPI had to have well-known concerning the probable risks (State Government of Victoria, 2014). In the event of undertaking of pre fire scheduled inspection, there was failure in applying due skill and care. Inspection was done before the occurring the fire and last occurred until February in the year 2008. Therefore, it can be said that for both the parties, negligence forms the basis of legal actions (Bender 2015). In the previous part, fixing of the legal liability of negligence was highlighted was fixed over SPI and UAM. Consequence of such incident was rising of the class actions by individual. Nonetheless, recovery is imposed with several limits and it is about different individual class. These individuals are those whom damage has been caused and refereed earlier. Claims resulting from the negligence leads to economic loss and limitations are limited to such claims. Economic loss that is suffered and borne by single individual is related to negligent pure economic loss. Such loss does not arise from the physical injury that is caused to individuals. The loss is attributable to the economic loss caused to an individual. Individuals who lost their income-gaining source or livelihood forma the part of class action that is highlighted above (Chow and Chan 2014). Principle of pure economic loss would be applied under the incident that resulted from fire. The recovery rule is not possible to apply in the event of establishing this principle. Rylands v Fletcher (1868) LR 3 HL 330, [1868] UKHL 1 forms the basis for this rule. Under this rule, it is held by judges that something that cannot be covered as established in the given case is economic loss. Under the given case, the construction of reservoir was done on land that was abandoned. Defendant owned the reservoir and he made se his land for constructing purpose. Mine was disused and reservoir was placed on that mine. Filtering of water from reservoir was done through the mine that was not used and eventually it was scattered over the area of working mine. The plaintiff owned the area of working mine. The mining area owned by plaintiff suffered from extensive damage. Using the land in non-natural way by defendant rather than causing the economic loss was the reason that he was held solely and legally responsible. The same principle can be established in another case and the case was Weller v Foot and Mouth Disease Research Institute [1966] 1 QB 56. The case was about the eruption of virus in the premises of defendant and such virus infected the cattle of plaintiff. The resultant affect was that cattle were infected and were unable to sell in the market and could not get the price. In this case, plaintiff was regarded as auctioneer and there was loss in the profit. It was highlighted by plaintiff that selling the cattle would have given them profitable amount, had the virus would have not entered. However, the claims put forward by plaintiff resulted in pre economic loss and it was not possible to recover such amount (McDermott Will Emery 2007). Therefore, it can be concluded on the basis of above two cases that is Weller v Foot and Mouth Disease Research Institute [1966] 1 QB 56 and Rylands v Fletcher (1868) LR 3 HL 330, [1868] UKHL 1, the individuals in the class actions would not be able to claim damages and have restrictions in doing so (Lenz 2015). The reason attributable to this is that it has resulted in pre economic losses. In this case, it is possible to deal with the claims that has aroused due to negligence that has been done against any organization. The case concerning Matthews v AusNet Electricity Services Pty Ltd Ors provides the basis of example for claim management resulting from negligence. An opportunity concerning with the limitation of exposure regarding the claims of negligence is also depicted in the given case (Thompson 2016). An organization should keep about updating the claims concerning precedents in order to evade the chances of claims that is being raised against them. Judges takes the decisions regarding precedents. They are regarded as the order of court that has been decided in the court of law and related to some other case. It is necessary to take care of established precedents in addition to precedents. This can be done at the same time when the actions for avoiding the claims of negligence that has been raised are undertaken. In addition to this, it is possible to become reliable on such cases, once the case of negligence has been used. This is so because, it is acceptable fact that precedents would always support their side for the purpose of establishment of their side of story. In order to depict the case for using it in a particular case, it becomes essential to establish and discuss some of the cases related to Mathews (Higgs et al. 2016). The elaboration of such cases is shown below: In this case of there was an explosion resulting from the negligence and carelessness in maintain the plant by defendant. The case is Johnson Tiles Pty Ltd v Esso Australia Pty Ltd [2003] VSC 27. In the Court of South Victoria, Esso was defendant against whom plaintiff initiated the case. Majority of the cases in this area was mainly concerned with the pure economic loss. This particular case presented in providing the judgment was identical to Donoghue v Stevenson. This was done in addition to Grant v Australian Knitting Mills. Esso upon which the similarity was drawn owed a duty of care to consumers. This resulted in the damaging of property and was because of stopping of the gas. For such economic loss, the statutory framework cannot be put on duty on Esso because of such economic loss (Sharma and Bhatnagar 2014). Therefore, it was held that the economic loss duty was not owed to Gillard J held by Esso. Another case was about the question that was raised concerning the builder of commercial building or architect liability before the high court. Question was raised regarding the succeeding purchaser of such building. The question was about the defect in the construction or designing of the building. The subsequent purchaser of the building resulted in economic loss. A landmark decision was given by high court and in such case, liability of architect or builder was denied in the judgment. The builder or architect working in the current scenario can use this case, where the subsequent claims would be raised against the purchaser (Harvey and Marston 2012). Another case is of Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd (1994) 179 CLR 520. In this case, plaintiff was General Jones and property named under him in the building that belonged to a person named Burnie. Burnie was a named defendant and the work of him was carried under few independent contractors. Building was burned because it caught fire and this was result of negligence of the contractors. Property of plaintiff was destroyed because of this happening. The rule given under Rylands v Fletcher was abolished by high court under the case. Giving away of the liability resulting in the economic loss was given by using of Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd. It is highlighted in the previous section that the individual can claim damages for which they have denied the recovery (Grave et al. 2012).Therefore, it is clearly depicted that each case presented can be used for disadvantage and advantage to be used in the particular case. Hence, through the established cases, th e companies are capable of paying heeds. It can also be done through which company can do the cancellation of claims. This is mainly in regard with another party. There is a need to comply with the code of ethics by engineers in Australia. It is in relation with the field knowledge and experience and this is referred to as Engineers Australia code of ethics. Four core areas are forms the basis of segmentation of the code. This will help the engineers in demonstrating and practicing competently, integrity, exercising leadership and promoting sustainability. Claim of negligence is barred in successful manner and code of ethics acting as standard (Engineers Australia 2015). Engineers are expected to be honest and trustworthy in their work, showing respect of dignity to others and they are required to conscience that is well informed. They should learn more by maintaining professional competence. The needs of stakeholders should be recognized along with the needs of future generation. It would help in act avoidance resulting in injury or harm. In addition to the above, the steps taken for avoiding the occurrence of such incidents are ensured (Engineers Australia 2015). There are chances of claims that are raised for the cause of negligence despite the practicing of code of ethics by engineers. Capability of engineers and the human nature determines the adherence to code of ethics by engineers. It is certainly possible for engineers to breach the claim resulting from negligence (Levinson et al. 2013). References: Anderson, B., and Trask, A. (2012) The Class Action Playbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2014) Matthews v AusNet Electricity Services Pty Ltd Ors [2014] VSC 663 (23 December 2014). [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VSC/2014/663.html?stem=0synonyms=0query=title(Matthews%20and%25 Bender, M., 2015. Construction Law. Chow, K.F. and Chan ChuenFye, P., 2014. Building and construction law.Singapore Academy of Law Annual Review of Singapore Cases, (2014), p.102. Eisenberg, J.N. (2016) Litigating Securities Class Actions. New York: LexisNexis. Engineers Australia. (2015) The Ethical Engineer. [Online] Engineers Australia. Available from: https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/portal/news/ethical-engineer Farnsworth, S. (2016) Black Saturday bushfires: Victims to get compensation payouts before Christmas. [Online] ABC News. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-07/black-saturday-bushfire-survivors-to-receive-payout-christmas/8099322 Grave, D.B., Adams, K., and Betts, J. (2012) Class Actions in Australia. Sydney: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia. Greene, B. (2013) Course Notes: Tort Law. Oxon: Routledge. Harvey, B., and Marston, J. (2012) Cases and Commentary on Tort. 6thed. New York: Oxford University Press. Higgs, N., Jackson, S., Minogue, A., Bishop, F., Kirkham, K. and Wild, J., 2016. Construction Law Quarterly.Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Management, Procurement and Law,169(6), pp.258-265. Johnson, E. (2013) To Establish Justice for All: The Past and Future of Civil Legal Aid in the United States [3 volumes]: The Past and Future of Civil Legal Aid in the United States. California: ABC-CLIO. Kelly, D., Hammer, R., and Hendy, J. (2014) Business Law. 2nd ed. Oxon: Routledge. Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Legal Information Institute. (2017) Precedent. [Online] Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/precedent Lenz, C.H., 2015. International Construction Arbitration Law, by Jane Jenkins. Levinson, S., Woodruff, P. and Parker, J. eds., 2013.Loyalty: NOMOS LIV(Vol. 54). NYU Press. Mason, J., 2016.Construction law: From beginner to practitioner. Routledge. McDermott Will Emery. (2007) Defending Against Class and Collective Employee Actions. [Online] McDermott Will Emery. Available from: https://files.mwe.com/info/news/wp0207a.pdf Sharma, D. and Bhatnagar, P., 2014. Risk Allocation Subsequent Legal Issues in Construction Contracts. Sherman, E.F. (2017) Class Actions and Duplicative Litigation. [Online] Maurer School of Law: Indiana University. Available from: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2066context=ilj State Government of Victoria. (2014) In The Supreme Court Of Victoria. [Online] State Government of Victoria. Available from: https://assets.justice.vic.gov.au/supreme/resources/5009fd2c-2fe2-4f69-b422-96bf249c6c6a/reasons+of+justice+osborn+for+judgment+given+on+23+december+2014.pdf Thompson, P., 2016. FIDIC: correct contract selection: construction law-contracts.Without Prejudice,16(4), pp.21-22. Turner, C. (2013) Unlocking Torts. 3rd ed. Oxon: Routledge.

Speech Codes On College Campuses Essay Research free essay sample

Speech Codes On College Campuses Essay, Research Paper # 8220 ; Congress shall do no jurisprudence esteeming an constitution of faith, or forbiding the free exercising thereof ; or foreshortening the freedom of address, of the imperativeness ; or the right of the people pacifically to piece, and to petition the authorities for the damages of grievances. # 8221 ; This is the First amendment, perchance the most powerful words in American history because it guarantees American citizens their natural rights, under the supreme jurisprudence of the land. Our First amendment gives us the freedom of faith, peaceable assembly, address and imperativeness. With this simple amendment, # 8220 ; people can talk their innermost ideas without fright or shame # 8221 ; ( Hemmer 2 ) . But, what if this glorious right causes other people fear or dishonor? The Constitution limits how public universities and colleges may penalize pupils for what they say ( Burns et. Al. 75 ) . As a broad and a political scientific discipline major, I believe to the full i n our constitutional rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech Codes On College Campuses Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe # 8220 ; free address is indispensable in the hunt for truth # 8221 ; ( Hemmer 2 ) . Although after reading Nat Hentoff # 8217 ; s essay # 8220 ; Speech Codes on the Campus and the Problems of Free Speech, # 8221 ; I have begun to inquire, like so many others, is # 8220 ; censoring is O.K. provided your motivations are all right # 8221 ; ( Hirschberg 283 ) . Without address codifications on college campuses, minorities, adult females, and homosexuals have been at the having terminal of changeless torment. Before doing the opinion of whether or non at that place should non be speech codifications on college campuses, I need to inquire a couple inquiries. Why is free address so of import on college campuses? Free address is so of import because universities thrive on a changeless discourse of opposing thoughts. I, like many other college pupils, have learned more from my fellow pupils than I have from any of my teachers. Our society and, in peculiar, higher instruction has flourished because free address # 8220 ; produces an ambiance where new thoughts invariably challenge older 1s # 8221 ; ( Hemmer 2 ) . The singularity of universities is that they provide an ocean of thoughts, synchronized and conflicting. # 8220 ; Free address is non merely the personal right of persons to hold their say ; it is besides the right of the remainder of us to hear them, # 8221 ; and react to them ( Burns et al. 72 ) . As a pupil, a citizen, and a adult female, it is my right to portion thoughts. I want the right to go educated with the aid of other people # 8217 ; s thoughts, but I won # 8217 ; T use my right to liberate address to deliberately h arm anyone else. Unfortunately, non everyone else thinks this manner. Some pupils take advantage of their First Amendment right and utilize it to harm others. These pupils are the ground why the Supreme Court and many university boards across the state are debating address codifications. Speech codifications arose in the late 1980 # 8217 ; s when most campuses around the state had already been diversified. Students found themselves sharing categories, residence halls and activities with many people who differed from them in race, faith, sexual orientation, socio-economic category and ethnicity. Unfortunately, this diverseness besides produced incidents where pupils and module expressed personal biass openly. Equally shortly as instances of verbal torment started doing their manner into the tribunals and onto newspaper pages, college decision makers started to invent ways to set a halt to the contention. A simple solution was speech codifications, but are they Constitutional ( Golding 5 ) ? In the terminal, the solution was non that simple. Since the chief rule of the First Amendment applies straight to public establishments, it has been hard for many universities to go through address codifications and still remain constitutional ( Golding 3 ) . Since the lone address that is non protected by the Constitution is obscene address and terrorist onslaughts, college decision makers came up with three basic theoretical accounts of codifications: the emotional hurt theory, the nondiscrimination/harassment option and the # 8220 ; contending words # 8221 ; attack. The University of Texas at Austin made racial torment punishable by suspension or ejection. They defined racial torment as # 8220 ; extreme or hideous Acts of the Apostless or communications that are intended to hassle, intimidate or mortify a pupil on history of race, colour or national beginning that unreasonably cause them to endure terrible emotional emphasis # 8221 ; ( Golding 2 ) . The University of Massachu setts instated another codification that is more normally used. This codification makes any signifier of verbal or physical torment punishable. A group or single violates the codification if they # 8220 ; ? Kdiscriminatorily alters the conditions for engagement in the activities of the university, on the footing of race, colour, and national or cultural beginning # 8221 ; ( Golding 2 ) . The # 8220 ; contending words # 8221 ; attack has been used at many universities, but the first was the University of California. Contending words are # 8220 ; ? Kpersonally opprobrious names inherently likely to arouse a violent reaction. # 8221 ; Making a # 8220 ; hostile or intimidating educational environment # 8221 ; besides constitutes torment ( Golding 2 ) . This attack, when used to protect a specific person, is normally the best pick. It has been noted and used by the authorities to seek and # 8220 ; ? Kpunish certain chiseled and narrowly limited categories of address that by thei r very utterance inflict hurt or be given to motivate an immediate breach of peace # 8221 ; ( Burns 83 ) . Even with these codifications in topographic point on many campuses around the state and with the many protagonists of address codifications, they have many more oppositions. The Supreme Court has systematically ruled against address codifications. In the United States v. Eichman, Justice Brennan of the Supreme Court said, # 8220 ; If there is a bedrock chief underlying the First Amendment, it is that the Government may non forbid the look of an thought merely because society finds the thought offense or disagreeable. # 8221 ; ? x This instance did non straight refer to free address but it does put down precisely how the Supreme Court views freedom of look and the First Amendment. Even though the First Amendment clearly denies Congress the privile Ge to go through a jurisprudence foreshortening freedom of address, our rights are slightly limited. As citizens, we have the right to beliefs, action and address, but these rights are all regulated otherwise. The authorities does non hold the power to penalize a individual for their beliefs, no affair what they are. Action on the other manus, is wholly different. We have the right to take action, but that right Michigans when the action is? ? set downing a fist at another’s nose.’ Where to pull the regulative line on both of these rights is clear. The line gets fuzzy when you exercise your right of address. Speech stands someplace â€Å"between belief and action† ( Burns et al. 73 ) . Unprotected address is libel, lewdness, erotica, contending words and incendiary address. Even with the contention of what falls into this class and what does non, if a pupil is non separately singled out and harassed, they have no instance. Normally, the victim is protected if the ir name is used in concurrence of aggressive, harmful or racially stimulating address or imperativeness. For illustration, a group of adult females in a feminist art category distributed postings with the names of 50 work forces, chosen at random from a directory, under the header, â€Å"Notice: These work forces are possible rapists† ( Golding 6 ) . If any of the work forces would hold decided to take legal action against the adult females, they would hold had a really good instance since their names were given without any cogent evidence of what was being said was true. In Nina Wu’s instance, the state of affairs was much different. Wu, a pupil at the University of Connecticut was charged with go againsting the pupil behaviour codification. The behavior codification prohibits â€Å"posting or publicizing publically violative, indecorous, or opprobrious affair refering persons.† She posted a streamer on her residence hall room door naming â€Å"people who shou ld be shot on sight† so listed â€Å"preppies, bimboes, work forces without chest hair, and homosexuals.† Wu was ordered by the university disposal to travel off of campus, but was allowed to return when a federal case was issued. It is difficult to pull the line on this instance, it is someplace between address and behavior, someplace in the grey country. The case was dropped, and Nina Wu was allowed back onto campus ( Dority ) . Unless the address of a pupil is clearly categorized under nonprotected address, it is legal. The Supreme Court recognizes this, and by the power of the Constitution, it has ruled against address codifications, once more and once more. But, the Supreme Court is non the lone force against address codifications. Even though address codifications have many advocators, including disposal, politicians, pupils and parents, there is still a force to be reckoned with. At the national board argument of the American Civil Liberties Union, Gwen Thomas, a black decision maker from Colorado, was the first talker. She started by stating ; # 8221 ; I have ever felt as a minority individual we have to protect the rights of all because if we infringe on the rights of any individuals, we # 8217 ; ll be next. # 8221 ; She went on to state, # 8221 ; As for supplying a non-intimidating educational environment, our immature people have to larn to turn up on college campuses. We have to learn them how to cover with adversarial state of affairss. They have to larn how to last violative address that they find injuring or hurtful # 8221 ; ( Hirschberg, 288 ) . I couldn # 8217 ; Ts have said it any better myself. Speech codifications have become a recreation of the existent job. Colleges, and society, should be looking to work out the existent societal issue at the root of intolerance. The existent societal issue is a deep current of racism, sexism and homophobia that has run through our history, passed through households, taught in our schools and even preached in our churches for many old ages. The fact that we can non make this overnight leaves us with the job of free address and the hunt for a speedy hole. The truth is, there is no speedy hole to this type of social depression. Whatever that solution will be, it will no doubt get down with instruction. We will neer genuinely win in educating the heads of the ignorant by protecting them. I have to hold with Gwen Thomas for two grounds. I agree because people learn from the state of affairss on college campuses how to cover with their work, household and personal lives, and because college pupils are non kids, they do non necessitate protec tion from things that they will hold to populate with subsequently on in life. Trying to protect immature grownups from the truth of the universe will stop up aching them more. Alternatively of dissembling the thoughts and beliefs of pupils with address codifications, we should allow them see the cat have oning the sweatshirt that says, # 8220 ; Fuck Women. # 8221 ; Students need to see the mark that says # 8220 ; Homophobia Sucks # 8221 ; ( Golding 6 ) . Merely because the mark is up or the words are said doesn # 8217 ; t intend that anyone has to read or hear them, but if they learn in college that these sentiments are out at that place, they will larn how to cover with them subsequently in life. If pupils learn to read these messages and non allow them consequence them, they will be more witting to what their personal sentiments are, and it will make a more tolerant society. With the Torahs that are in topographic point against torment, contending words and non-protected add ress, most of the address jobs can be dealt with, without a address codification. The First Amendment makes address codifications unconstitutional. Even with all of the incidents that have triggered address codifications, that is the bottom line. It is every pupils right to freely talk their heads and portion their thoughts, this right would be taken away with speech codifications. As American citizens, whether we are on a college campus or on a street corner, we need to exert and protect our constitutional rights. Students should non be denied their right to freedom of look merely because it might pique person. With the established fact that no 1 has the right to # 8220 ; foreshorten the freedom or address, # 8221 ; all pupils should stand up and actively battle for their right to? ? Lashkar-e-Taiba freedom ring. # 8217 ; Every pupil should cognize, the minute we stop exerting our Constitutional rights is the minute our freedom ends.

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Galeries of Paris essays

Galeries of Paris essays At the start or the academic year I attended a study trip to Paris where we visited some of the famous galleries and sights of the capital. As a part of our contextual studies we asked to produce a essay on a exhibition or a gallery of witch seen during the study trip. I have decided to look at two of the famous galleries of the capital witch are the Pompidou and the Muse d'Orsay. I am intending to look at the differences between the buildings and the work that is displayed within. I intend to do this because I find the differences interesting. I am looking at the comparison between the both buildings at two different levels at the simplest level I find it very interesting the way that the both galleries are similar in the way that hold pieces of art but they are both very different in the way that they have been built and designed. The Muse d'Orsay was originally a railway station and then got converted in to a art gallery. Therefore the building is very old and traditional and fits in next to the many other old and famous buildings in Paris, of witch the main feature is the tower clock witch is still there today. Whilst on the other hand the Pompidou is a new and modern building that includes many shapes and colours in the design of the building. This building is not very traditional and in my opinion dose not fit in against many of the old and traditional buildings in the capital. The Pompidou has sparked many debates about its daring and strange architecture. The comparison of the two buildings interests me because eve n though the Pompidou was accepted only slowly and with great difficulty into the rhythm of daily life in the area. But now, the metal and glass parallelepiped air ducts with stairwells stuck onto the outside has a unique central role in the capital. The number of people who visit the building daily is astounding, and for many years it was the most visited museum in Paris. The other level that I am looking at t ...

Society-Law & Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Case Study Module 8 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Electronic Business Vs Traditional Business Information Technology Essay

Electronic Business Vs Traditional Business Information Technology Essay 1. Introduction to e-Commerce Electronic commerce, commonly known as (e-shopping) e-commerce or ecommerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems(Wikipedia). Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transactions lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well. 2. Definition of E Commerce A while back, e commerce referred to any type of business conducted over the Internet. The meaning of the phrase has changed though, and now it means selling an actual product (hard goods) online. This is different from selling a service, such as article writing. (Masteringwebsitemarketing.com) 3. Some Examples of E Commerce This list will show you some products and services-all considered to be a part of e commerce. Online Goods and Services EBooks (Sample example below): CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD eBOOK Software Retail services Ordering flowers, food or clothes Marketplace Services Auctions Online wallet (An online wallet is a program or web service that allows users to store and control their online shopping information, like logins, passwords, shipping address and credit card details, in one central place. Wikipedia) Advertising 4. More on Definition of E Commerce and Introduction to E Commerce- Its History Ecommerce began in 1994 when a man named Jeff Bezos started Amazon.com, selling things out of his garage. Ever since, more and more businesses have attained a reputation online-companies like eBay and Target. Across the world there are around 8 million people who shop online. A study has shown that by 2011, profits from online retail sales will pass a quarter of a trillion dollars! So, you can see how important e commerce is to the lives of many people. 5. E Commerce characteristics The understanding of the e commerce paradigm varies among academics and practitioners. According to ALTER (2002) e-commerce is the practice of performing and coordinating critical business processes such as designing products, obtaining supplies manufacturing selling and fulfilling orders and providing services through the extensive use of computer and communication technologies and computerized data, DRUCKER (2002) however talks about ecommerce as the explosive emergence of the internet as a major world wide distribution channel for jobs and services, which in the end results in changes in markets and industry structure as well as economics in general. An extensive study shows that ecommerce do not have a common accepted definition which is a sign of research area that is still emerging and maturing and one that involves different research domains as marketing, computer science or strategic management (WILKINS 2000). Summarizing the definitions of ecommerce and in accordance with the organization of economic cooperation and development, 5 major characteristics can be concluded, (OECD1999): Use of information and communication systems to standardize, automate and integrate transactions. Transformation of marketplaces and creation of new industries Increased connection and interactivity of and between the business partners over electronic networks. Alteration of the relative importance of time and resources Catalytic effects of inter and intra organizational transaction 6. Benefits Starting an e commerce store has benefits to you, the merchant, and to your customers. Some of the biggest benefits are cheaper products and setting up and maintaining your online store-all done more easily than you can with a brick-and-mortar store. To conclude the introduction to and definition of e commerce, lets look at its benefits. 24 Hours a Day, 7 Days a Week With an e commerce website, you can serve your customers 24/7! They can order any time of day or night. Want to sleep in? Go on a vacation? No problem! Your customers can keep shopping and ordering, even when youre not there. (Powertips.com.au) Opportunities to Create Relationships E commerce opens the door to new opportunities for relationships with your customers, both new and old. When your business is online, it is accessible to customers the world over; so there are many new opportunities for new relationships. You would not have most of these customers if your business wasnt online. Increase in Sales Starting an e commerce site is a great way to increase the sales for your brick-and-mortar store. Many store owners dont think of how much their business could increase if they attain an online presence. It just doesnt occur to them! However, it is a great way to increase sales at your offline store. Brand Awareness The ability to reach millions of potential customers all over the world will increase knowledge of your product line. You can get people talking about your products, which is free, word-of-mouth advertising! Expands Your Customer Base As we mentioned briefly, having an e commerce business means that you can get customers from all over the world. There are almost no limits as to who you can sell to, and where. Offline stores are limited to getting customers locally. But e commerce removes these restrictions! At the very least, target Canada, the UK and Australia as well as the USA. Builds Customer Loyalty With an e commerce store, its simple to show off your goods to customers in a unique way. If your store is easy to access and shop with, you will have loyal, lifetime customers. Promotion is Easy! Its easy to deliver information to your customers over the Internet! Make your promotions, data, and information easily accessible. Of course, youll want to put a lot of this information in a newsletter that you send to your customers on a regular basis. Decreases Your Expenses Going online can decrease your costs, too. If your business is online, you wont need much staff (if any!) Plus, theres no real location necessary, so you wont have to pay for rent or maintenance. Increases Your Earnings If you have a Business already, opening an e commerce site can be a big pick-me-up for your business. Its important to increase your profits, and going the e commerce route can be a big help. More sales = More profits = Bigger budget for your business. Smaller Target Group While your customer base can extend well beyond your local area using e commerce, its also easy to tighten your niche. Online, you have more control over who your business targets. You can target young couples, singles, teens, seniors, men, women, or a specific ethnic group. This type of targeting is done by using keywords that are popular to the demographic you are trying to reach. The meaning of Electronic Commerce (e-commerce) has changed over the past 30 years as today it is considered to be the buying and selling of products or services over an electronic system i.e. the internet. Â   Since the spread of this, the amount of trade conducted electronically has grown tremendously. Now the World Wide Web (WWW) is being used by modern e-commerce, which is generally considered to be the sales aspect of electronic business and consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment of business transactions. Â   7. Comparing electronic business to traditional business Now days, technology has made human life easier and better. It has developed many fields to perform their task easier such as, manufacturing, constructions and many more. Business sector has also changed a lot with the improvement of technology from traditional business it evolves to e-business and bringing a big difference in three major areas that is time, trust and as we all know that time is precious for many people, the same thing is applied in by the entrepreneurs in their businesses. The advantage of e-business is convenient because people do not need to go out and talk to customer or find for customers instead they can sit in the house and do their work through internet. Besides, e-business makes our life easier because any business transaction can be done through the internet and also safe our time from travelling up and down. Some example of e-business is e-shops; e-commerce and e-auctions, with this new technology on e-business people are able to make their life even bette r. Where as, on the other hand traditional business is totally opposite then e-business because it is not so convenient because we need to go out and find customer, the advantage of this traditional business is that they provide good service and gain customers trust but amount of energy wasted is not really worth it sometimes. Further more, traditional business waste energy because need to travel a lot and quit a lot of paper work need to be done for one transaction and sometimes time and also waste time because lets say if the supplier want to buy a product from the manufacturer the supplier need to send letter to get the quotations and he must survey around which manufacturer offer the cheapest and etc. by doing this way the supplier is actually wasting a lot of time. (E-business amazon vs. borders) One simple thing that certainly differs e-business from traditional business is the technology that underpins the business itself. E-business is built electronically on a network; therefore, without a network its completely impossible for an e-business to survive. The use of technology will bring a huge impact on the way of a business communicates with its customers. This business communication models are categorized by Schneider into three different types [1] Personal contact (one to one) In this type of communication model, the organization assigns its employees to identify and reach the prospective customers [1]. The simplest example for this approach is the sales person who calls the potential customer and introduces the products offered by his company. This approach has been widely implemented by traditional business. Mass media (one to many) The mass media approach allows the organization to broadcast advertising and promotional materials on its products [1]. Examples for this approach are advertisement on television, radio, newspaper or magazine. This approach has also been widely adopted by traditional business. The web (many to one or many to many) The internet is neither a mass media nor a personal contact device [1]. It stands on the middle of the fine line where mass media is allocated at the first side and personal contact at the other side. The web provides more interactivity than mass media does to its audience but less than personal contact could offer. For example, an internet user can type in his keywords on a search engine tool (e.g. Google) and click on the products that catch his attention. The web is the approach that is adopted by e-business. So, what impacts that the web can bring to-business as its business communication model? The communication model adopted by e-business will surely raise new barriers that need to be brought to attention. The low level of trust Unlike traditional business who can gain trust from its prospective customers through a straight, personal contact, the web eliminates the customers privileges to experience such personal contact with both the products and organization they want to buy the products from. In traditional business, customers come to a store and have personal interaction with the organization through its sales person and then, possibly, have personal contact with the product. These types of experience somehow develop trust towards the organization and are very important for certain types of product. The need of good electronic marketing strategies It is undeniably that internet provides the facilities for business to broadcast their advertisement. However, it doesnt have such power to force its audience to view or click on the ads [2]. An audience has the opportunity to create a list of product by using search engine tool (e.g. Google) and click on the product that catches his attention. Therefore, some traditional marketing strategies are not applicable in e-business. New marketing strategies such as how to increase the rank of a company on search engines are more likely to gain attention in running an e-business. E-Business is changing the relationship between merchant and customer, whether it is business to business or business to consumer Business, or the government isomers of these. Relationship building is paramount. Savvy Internet users know that if they cannot get good service, which also means an easily navigable web site, they can move on and quickly. The Internet is providing customers with growing power and purchasing control. Shopping agents will find the lowest price; scams or poor service will quickly be identified and passed on. In addition there is still a strong ethic of free stuff on the web. Consumers in particular are looking for free information and services. Providing these aspects is a crucial part of relationship building which will form the basis of electronic Business into the future. With the potential speed and efficiency of electronic communications and transactions, the nature of inventory is changing. A virtual shop on the web may carry no stock at all, relying on suppliers to fulfil orders; a small, on-site inventory can be replenished with just-in-time manufacturing E-business improves the benefit and efficiency of traditional business, comparing with traditional business, E-business has the following advantages: E-business improves the benefit and efficiency of traditional business, especially international trade. Compared to traditional models, 8. E-business has six main advantages compared to that of traditional business: (1) Reduces business cost. Firstly, e-business can improve the marketing efficiency and decrease promotional costs by network marketing enterprises. According to statistics, advertising on the internet can increase sales volume by 10 times, while the cost is only 10% of traditional advertisements; Secondly, E-business can reduce stock cost, because it can find more suppliers with the most favourable prices in the global market by internet enterprises, and sharing information with suppliers can also reduce problems caused by long communication chains. Some studies indicate that using EDI usually can save stock cost for enterprises by 5%-10%. (2) Decreases stock, Decreases Waste. Enterprises should maintain a certain stock of products and materials to deal with fluctuant market requirements. The essential reason for stocking up is lack of information, a lack of information E-business based suppliers and manufacturers dont have. They can send information of market requirements to enterprises to make decision and produce by internet, and enterprises requirement information can be transferred to suppliers to supply on time, leading to zero-inventory management. (3) Shorter production cycles. To create a saleable product is often the cooperation of many enterprises. The products design, produce and sales may be managed by many different related enterprises. Using E-business can change the stage-cooperation method caused by lack of information into coordinated work methods, improving business to business (B2B) relations. (4) Increases business opportunities. Traditional trade is limited by time and space, but E-business is a global 24 hour operation. Business on the internet can expand in the market that the traditional marketing and advertisement promotion can not reach. (5) Reduces material dependence. Traditional enterprises must have a certain number of materials to develop business, but the E-business in internet can built virtual enterprise, such as shop and bank on network, they dont need many practical basic instruments, and the enterprises can transfer the saved cost to customers, this is the reason that Amazon, a book shop on network can supply customers discount that the traditional book shops can not supply. (6) Cuts out the middle man. E-business redefines the traditional currency mode and reduces middle links in B2B relations and international trade. E-commerce allows the possibility of direct transaction between manufacturers and buyers, across borders, thereby changing the economy of the entire world. 9. Conclusion Today, ecommerce is the latest mantra in increasing your sales. This is because instead of selling your goods and services through a local store, you can sell online and gain a greater customer base. Apart from providing shipping services, you will need an online ecommerce merchant account to accept credit card payments to make your venture a success. These days, even a restaurant is running under ecommerce system. Ecommerce solution provider performs many jobs for the Restaurant, such as, they put online restaurant menu, online restaurant ordering systems and bed and breakfast booking system. There are many ways to get your products and services online, from a simple brochure site to a high-end database driven site. In this way, we see that ecommerce has changed the people to do the business in a different way. Every thing in this world has been being globalize and of course business is no exception. Global ecommerce business has been new trends in ecommerce business and plays a pivotal role in global economy. Also the role of ecommerce business solution providers cannot be ignored because you cannot imagine successful and fruitful ecommerce business without their assistance.

The Impacts of Devaluation on Export Performance: The Case of Ethiopia

Agriculture plays a vital role in the Ethiopian economy, contributing 42 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 80 percent of the employment and 90 percent of total export earnings (Ministry of Finance and Economic Development [MoFED] 2011; Diao et al. 2010). In 2009 with an effort to remove the vicious socio-economic circle, the government of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) developed a Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) with a priority to export orientated agricultural development led industrialization (MoFED 2010 P. 22). Despite the over-ambitious plan, however, the performance of the export sector has remained undeveloped which calls for sound macroeconomic policies that are crucial to combat the bottlenecks constraining the sector. This essay examines the consequences of devaluation on the performance of Ethiopia's export sector. Foreign exchange rate is a key macroeconomic variable that determines performance of export in a country. The reasons why export performance depends on the foreign exchange regime in developing countries include: the characteristics of exportable goods, the effectiveness of financial sectors and trading with foreign currencies rather than with the domestic currency (Nilsson and Nilsson 2000). Accordingly, Ethiopia's export is characterized by primary agricultural products with inelastic export demand and supply, concentration of market and products, and little value addition. The result of primary agricultural product export is a smaller marketing margin and insignificant bargaining power on the world market. The financial sector is also constrained with higher probabilities of the existence of parallel markets that fail at allocating resources to their most efficient usage. More... ...tional Economics: Theory and Policy. 9th ed. Edinburgh Gate: Pearson Education. Melesse, Wondemhunegn Ezezew. 2011. â€Å"The Dynamics between Real Exchange Rate Movements and Trends in Trade Performance: The Case of Ethiopia.† Munich Personal Research Papers in Economics Archive (MPRA). MPRA Paper No. 29161. Munich. Michael, Nwidobie Barine. 2011. â€Å"An Impact Analysis of Foreign Exchange Rate Volatility on Nigeria’s Export Performance.† European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences V (37): 47-55. National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE). 2011. National Bank Annual Report 2009/10. Addis Abeba: NBE. Nilsson, Kristian and Lars Nilsson. 2000. â€Å"Exchange Rate Regimes and Export Performance in Developing Countries.† Oxford: Blackwell Publishers: 331-349. World Bank (WB). 2012. â€Å"World Development Indicators Database: Ethiopia.† Washington, DC: WB.

Greek mythology in western art and literature Essay

With the rediscovery of classical antiquity in Renaissance, the poetry of Ovid became a major influence on the imagination of poets and artists and remained a fundamental influence on the diffusion and perception of Greek mythology through subsequent centuries.[2] From the early years of Renaissance, artists portrayed subjects from Greek mythology alongside more conventional Christian themes. Among the best-known subjects of Italian artists are Botticelli’s Birth of Venus and Pallas and the Centaur, the Ledas of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, and Raphael’s Galatea.[2] Through the medium of Latin and the works of Ovid, Greek myth influenced medieval and Renaissance poets such as Petrarch, Boccaccio and Dante in Italy.[1] In northern Europe, Greek mythology never took the same hold of the visual arts, but its effect was very obvious on literature. Both Latin and Greek classical texts were translated, so that stories of mythology became available. In England, Chaucer, the Elizabethans and John Milton were among those influenced by Greek myths; nearly all the major English poets from Shakespeare to Robert Bridges turned for inspiration to Greek mythology. Jean Racine in France and Goethe in Germany revived Greek drama.[2] Racine reworked the ancient myths — including those of Phaidra, Andromache, Oedipus and Iphigeneia — to new purpose.[3] The 18th century saw the philosophical revolution of the Enlightenment spread throughout Europe and accompanied by a certain reaction against Greek myth; there was a tendency to insist on the scientific and philosophical achievements of Greece and Rome. The myths, however, continued to provide an important source of raw material for dramatists, including those who wrote the libretti for Handel’s operas Admeto and Semele, Mozart’s Idomeneo and Gluck’s Iphigà ©nie en Aulide.[3] By the end of the century, Romanticism initiated a surge of enthusiam for all things Greek, including Greek mythology. In Britain, it was a great period for new translations of Greek tragedies and Homer, and these in turn inspired contemporary poets, such as Keats, Byron and Shelley.[4] The Hellenism of Queen’s Victoria poet laureate, Alfred Lord Tennyson, was such that even his portraits of the quintessentially English court of King Arthrur are suffused with echoes of the Homeric epics. The visual arts kept pace, stimulated by the purchase of the Parthenon marbles in 1816; many of the â€Å"Greek† paintings of Lord Leighton and Lawrence Alma-Tadema were seriously accepted as part of the transmission of the Hellenic ideal.[5] The German composer of the 18th century Christoph Gluck was also influenced by Greek mythology.[1] American authors of the 19th century, such as Thomas Bulfinch and Nathaniel Hawthorne, believed that myths should provide pleasure, and held that the study of the classical myths was essential to the understanding of English and Americal literature.[6] According to Bulfinch, â€Å"the so-called divinities of Olympus have not a single worshipper among living men; they belong now not to the department of theology, but to those of literature and taste†.[7] In more recent times, classical themes have been reinterpreted by such major dramatists as Jean Anouilh, Jean Cocteau, and Jean Giraudoux in France, Eugene O’Neill in America, and T. S. Eliot in England and by great novelists such as the Irish James Joyce and the French Andrà © Gide. Richard Strauss, Jacques Offenbach and many others have set Greek mythological themes to music.[1] References 1. ^ a b c d â€Å"Greek Mythology†. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2002. 2. ^ a b c â€Å"Greek mythology†. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2002. * L. Burn, Greek Myths, 75 3. ^ a b l. Burn, Greek Myths, 75 4. ^ l. Burn, Greek Myths, 75-76 5. ^ l. Burn, Greek Myths, 76 6. ^ Klatt-Brazouski, Ancient Greek and Roman Mythology, 4 7. ^ T. Bulfinch, Bulfinch’s Greek and Roman Mythology, 1

Essay Political Campaign Race

Essay Political Campaign Race Essay Political Campaign Race Jarrod Brown 11/17/10 Nevada Gubernatorial Race: 2010 Nevada, the home of the infamous adult playground Las Vegas was admitted into the United States of America under Abraham Lincoln in 1864. Admission into the union was rushed to help ensure Lincoln's reelection for his second term. The state held strong ties to big business and helped lead to Lincoln winning the election. The history of Governors in Nevada is split almost even with thier being only a handfull more republicans throughout history than democrats, and a handful of silver party members serving as well. Governors in Nevada are limited to serve two terms of four years each. The race for governor this year was never really a tight one as Brian Sandoval held the lead in polls throughout the race, it was still a competitive fight between Sandoval and Rory Reid. Much controversey did however make the republican nomination interesting. (Huffington Post 2) As time led to the primary elections the bid for the democratic nomination might as well have been uncontested. Rory Reid, C hairman of the Clark County Commission,only had an opponent by definition from Frederick L. Conquest. Reid the son of senate majority leader Harry Reid, easily took the win in the primary election becoming the democratic nominee and awaiting to see who would rise to face him from the complicated republican side. (Center for Politics) The exciting part of the entire election lies within the republican primaries. Incumbant Governor Jim Gibbons who had served eight years in congress, and had also attmepted a run at governor of Nevada in 1994, was rumored to not be running for re-election. Personal and political problems plagued Gibbons reputation. A questionable divorce, rumors of affairs and the terrible state in which Nevada citizens found thier economy in, were all reasons that Gibbons was beleived to not be running. Nonetheless, in March of 2010 Gibbons pushed onward toward being re-elected and made his bid for the republican nomination. His oposition was former federal judge Bri an Sandoval. Sandoval held a double digit lead in the polls during most of the months leading up to the election. The polls held true and Gibbons was the first incumbent in Nevada history to not continue on to another term. (Center for Politics) Current Mayor of Las Vegas Oscar Goodman was on the verge of running on an independent platform. With his final term coming to an end in 2011 the 69-year-old mayor considered running for Governor but decided he would rather stay closer to home. After three terms he would have surely added an unpredictable variable to the race, pulling support from unafilliated voters and those who already support him. He spoke with Jesse Ventura, former governor of Minnesota about running as an independant, that being how Ventura ran and won his election.(Ball)Without his bid there were no major third party candidates for governor in 2010 for Nevada. Rory Reid, the democratic candidate, was born in Alexandria, Virginia in 1963. The former sports writer for the Las Vegas Sun, began his political career in 2002 when he was elected to the Clark County Commission and reelected n 2006. Reid acted as Hillary Clinton's campaign chairman in 2008 for Nevada. The law school graduate. In October of 2009 Reid formally declared that he would be running for governor and had plans for creating new jobs for the state and its crippled economy. Brian Sandoval Born in 1963 in Redding California. At the start of his career in 1994 Sandoval was elected to two terms in the Nevada Assembly. During his four years on assembly he helped push 14 bills through that became laws. After the assembly Sandoval served as a member of the Nevada Gaming Commission, helping regulate the gaming industry in Nevada. Just one year later Sandoval became the chairman of the gaming

Hammurabis Code essays

Hammurabi's Code essays The Code of Hammurabi was issued and imposed (Polushin 15) by an able and ambitious king(Polushin 15), Hammurabi, who ruled the city-states of Mesopotamia. The code of Hammurabi was originally made of 282 rules/articles however several are known to have been erased by later rulers and conquerors. The knowledge of King Hammurabi's code has survived because of its discovery in 1901 by a French archeologist. The nature of codes go back to the dawn of history and involve such subject matter as property, social status, punishments, and domestic issues. It reveals a glimpse into how these ancient people governed themselves and how their society was socially stratified. After reading the text of the Code of Hammurabi supplied by Polushin I am led to seek my own analysis to the societys attitude towards slaves in situations of intent and neglect. In certain cases the slave is seen as a very important element to the society and then in contrast later observed as expendable. In the Code of Hammurabi articles fifteen through twenty refer specifically to runaway slaves and consequential treatment of surrounding them in several cases. These articles supply rulings for cases that led to the conclusion that slaves were considered valuable property and if this property is taken away from the owner by any means would result in death. For example article fifteen states that If a man has induced either a male or female slave from a house of a patrician, or plebian, to leave the city, he shall be put to death. It is apparent that even during the times of Hammurabi brave Harriet Tubmans were not welcomed. What is even more radical is one could face the death sentence if it becomes known that there is a runaway slave hiding in your house. This can be noted in article sixteen: If a man has induced either a male or female slave form the house of a patricians, or plebeians house, and ...

Chpter 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chpter 5 - Essay Example In this case, ACM’s code forms the basis of explaining ethical issues due to its big membership spread across most of the countries in the world. The code epitomizes the fundamental principles of TQM such as trustworthiness, integrity and honoring commitments. Overall, the ACM’s code has 24 principles that determine ethics in a situation. The rise of the internet has brought new forms of crimes such as cyber-bullying and identity theft. However, one approach of preventing issues such as identity theft includes awareness that allows an individual to monitor their online activities. In this case, it is important for an individual to be aware of issues such as online scams, spam emails that steal one’s identity, the right software to use online, and information to share  over the internet. Security is pertinent in an issue that involves buying and selling products online. Businesses and customers should know that the failure to remain vigilant was expensive and ca used unanticipated losses. Apparently, web-based security attacks have been on the rise, and there is no sign of them ending soon. In this case,  criminals create  Trojans, malware, spywares, worms, adware, and botnets  to steal information and compromise internet users. However, simple Antivirus software can help an individual ensure that they did not compromise their security while using any software they did not trust the source. Conversely, it is important to buy, or download, antivirus from trusted sources since the internet has antivirus programs that are compromised. Finally, it is important to ensure that an individual observed measures that enhanced the privacy of their data online. With the rise of the social networks, it is important for users to observe the amount of information they released to people in their network. In addition, users should also ensure that they effectively used the privacy setting on these sites to protect their data. On the other hand, an en cryption key is crucial to secure data mostly in institutions such as banks to ensure that data was not available to unauthorized people. While all these measures are useful, security issues remain an area of concern online with hackers devising innovative approaches to steal data. One such ingenious approach is phishing, which lures people to provide their credit card information to hackers and cyber thieves who use the information. Nonetheless, different approaches can prevent an individual from such activities although it is important for individuals to present such information to authorities who will investigate the phishing issue. To protect an individual from phishing, simple toolbars such as Netcraft Toolbar can protect a user from dangerous links. In addition, it is important for internet users to ensure that they visited secure sites by conducting a simple check on the address bar. Finally, creating a back up for all files will protect a user in case their systems were comp romised. Ex. 2: Recent Internet Scam In one of the latest internet scams, internet users are getting email messages purportedly from Microsoft. In this case, the email from the address privacy@microsoft.com is a design by a phisher to steal passwords of email users. In this case, the scam targets AOL, Gmail, Yahoo, and Windows Live email addresses with a view of stealing the usernames and passwords of users (Li). The subject of the

To what extent is globalisation a new phenomenon Essay

To what extent is globalisation a new phenomenon - Essay Example hether it symbolizes something â€Å"novel† or a new epoch or merely the most recent and not essentially most important phase in a long historical development. This argument has both an empirical and conceptual aspect. It is debated on the one side that developments and trends connected with the globalization process cannot be compared with the substantiation of internationalization of free flow of products, labour and capital and economic intercourse during the late nineteenth century. According to Dicken (1992), many studies have corroborated that free flow of products; capital and labour were greater in the phases up to First World War than during the last quarter of the twentieth century. (Veltmeyer 13) Further, supporters of globalization are of the view that prior types of this internationalization were not companioned by any extent near the same magnitude of the economic assimilation, and hence it did not end in the formation of an integrated global manufacturing system. Theorists of globalization argue that the whole gamut of change has been buttressed by the enhanced technological process, supported by the increasing role of the multinational corporations and assisted by liberalization and deregulation of market all over the globe. (Griffin and Khan 59-66). These theorists assert that the difference between the present and the past is in the technological conditions of this globalization (a transformation in communication technology and its appropriate policy and institutional frame work (reforms in a free market, measures like structural adjustment) and the magnitude of systematic assimilation or integration. (Veltmeyer 13) When compared to progress during the industrial revolution and the reforms introduced during and after the First World War, the current globalization process has come with liberalization of free flow of products, capital, services, information and technology. Further, there has been deregulation in associated economic atmospheres

How technology affects my life everyday Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How technology affects my life everyday - Essay Example They have improved efficiency leading to increased productivity. Simultaneously, it has motivated people to be innovative in their application of technology, especially in education so that it can reach to still larger number of learners. Technology has become intrinsic part of contemporary society and therefore it becomes very difficult to envisage life without it. In case of emergencies like accident, mobile phones greatly facilitate in informing others about it and get timely help which would otherwise have become quite impossible. Another area is transport. Technology has considerably impacted transport system and made it easy for people to travel from one place to another. Regional and national boundaries have diminished and people can traverse great distance at very short time. In the absence of use of technology in transport system, development of societies and nations would have just remained a dream and not a reality. (words: 258)

Islamic Fundamentalism Essay Example for Free

Islamic Fundamentalism Essay 20 March 2007 Introduction On September 11, 2001, the United States of America experienced the worst act of terrorism ever perpetrated on American soil, as major targets in New York, Washington DC, and Pennsylvania were the scenes of the massive slaughter of innocent civilians. From the moment that the first act commenced, the rumor mill flew into overdrive, conveniently blaming the terrorism on â€Å"militant Islamic† people, and implying that this movement had suddenly sprung up out of obscurity to strike at the heart of America like a thief in the night. The reality is much more complex, for fundamentalist Islam has a much longer history, and the threat it continues to pose to Western Democracy, even today, had been growing and mutating for generations prior to 9/11. In this paper, the very definition of fundamentalism at its beginning will be presented, as well as the perversion of it that has led to the challenges and threats the West now has come to bear. Roots of Fundamentalism. To begin, one needs to understand two very different and specific terms: followers of Islam and Islamic Fundamentalists, as the two groups are vastly different, yet both claim legitimacy under the same doctrine. In its purest form, Islam is based upon the ancient teachings of the prophet Muhammad, who was said to have been given the Quran, or holy book of Islam, by God himself, with Muhammad as the messenger and deliverer of the Quran and its teachings to the masses (Davidson). If one were to follow the teachings of Islam in a more traditional sense, as Muhammad is said to have received the word from God, they would be peaceful, obedient servants of God, and Muhammad, thereby enriching their lives, raising solid families and leaving the world a better place than what is was when they were born into it. Eventually, however, political turmoil distorted this message and gave rise to a strain of Islam that is known as Fundamentalism or Extremism, depending upon the source of the material. This interpretation of Islam and the Quran takes the inflexible view that those who do not believe in Islam, and follow the Quran, are characterized as â€Å"Infidels†, and the price of their infidelity to Islam is death. Of course, the Christian ideals of the West make America a convenient target of this sort of massive hatred, but this hatred has also been fueled over the years by America’s defense of other enemies of the fundamentalists/extremists such as the people of Turkey and Israel (Mustikhan). Eventually, the rage of these Islamics would erupt against the US on a large scale, beginning in the 1970s. The Islamic Terrorist is Born It is generally agreed that those who are today termed â€Å"Islamic Terrorists† were first given that moniker by the West in 1979, when the United States Embassy in Tehran, Iran was seized by terrorists, taking hundreds of American diplomats and their support staffs hostage in a siege that ultimately lasted 444 days, and brought the United States to the brink of war with Iran. The group of Iranians and assorted others who were in essence the foot soldiers who undertook the plot, led by the extremist leader Ayatollah Khomeini, came to be called Islamic Terrorists (Hoveyda). From there, the stereotype of what a terrorist is, and their potential to wreak havoc on innocent people, began to grow in the minds of the world community. Threats to Western Democracy Due to the widespread presence of Islamic Extremists/Militants, the threat to Western Democracy has become very real, and of course has manifested itself in such tragedies as the Iran Hostage Crisis and 9/11. Given the humble beginnings and admirable teachings that are found in the Quran, and were exhibited by Muhammad and carried down by his disciples, it is a wonderment as to exactly how/why Islam eventually spawned a militant faction which goes against the foundations of the faith itself. In a word, the violent offshoot is the byproduct of fanaticism. Fanatics are those members of the Islamic community who have taken the position that any government, or religion (in their mind, they should be one in the same) that does not practice the teachings of the Quran are the equivalent of parasites that must be eradicated for the good of the human race. The defense of this attitude, and the resultant violence which comes out of the attitude, is due to misinterpretation of the Quran, hence making these individuals worthy of the extremist label. Because the Islamic Extremists have convinced themselves that they are doing the will of God, as laid out in their creative interpretation of the Quran, there quite literally is nothing stopping them from continuing to launch attacks against the Western Democracies, as well as other â€Å"infidels† who hold views and practice lifestyles which are contrary to theirs. One particularly chilling reality of the threat against Western Democracy is the fact that Islamic Extremists, while found in large numbers in some nations more commonly than others, really do not have a nation with borders, do not fly an identifiable flag, or wear a uniform that indicates that they are Islamic Extremists, despite what the leadership of the United States may choose to claim in the present day. Rather, the Extremists have the ability to move freely about the globe and do not have a set territory where organized armies can pursue and battle them. This sort of an invisible threat, not centered in a geographic location but highly organized and well financed as well as armed to the hilt, holds the potential to destroy their enemies, such as the Western Democracies, which are somewhat restrained by physical borders and the need to engage in conventional warfare. Because of this, the paradox is clear- how can an enemy be fought if it cannot be readily seen or tracked? Also, the inability to negotiate with Islamic Extremists closes another avenue of resolving differences and stopping the bloodshed. Conclusion- What is the Future Threat? This paper has shown that Fundamental Islam has the means, mindset, and determination to bring Western Democracy to its knees, as well as the point of annihilation. What this will mean for the future is anyone’s guess but one thing is for sure- without some sort of decisive action against Islamic Fundamentalists, many more innocent lives may be lost, and hard lessons may be learned too late and at too high of a price. Works Cited Davidson, Lawrence. Islamic Fundamentalism. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998. Hoveyda, Fereydoun. The Broken Crescent: The Threat of Militant Islamic Fundamentalism. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998. Marin-Guzman, Roberto. Fanaticism: A Major Obstacle in the Muslim Christian Dialogue. the Case of Twentieth Century Islamic Fundamentalism. Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ) 25. 3 (2003): 63+. Mustikhan, Ahmar. The Roots of Islamic Extremism. World and I July 1999: 74.