Dostoevsky and Freud: Exploring the Relationship Between Psyche and Civ

Dostoevsky and Freud Exploring the Relationship Between Psyche and CivilizationFew novels delve as deeply into the twists and turns of the valet de chambre oral sex as Fyodor Dostoevsky?s Crime and Punishment. The novel explicitly describes the protagonist Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov?s fluctuating mental state as he commits a brutal crime, becomes pain by guilt, and finally turns himself in. This detailed description of Raskolnikov?s psyche gives readers a clear picture of his character within the background of the events that take place in the novel. Yet we sock little of Raskolnikov outside of this context. How, for instance, does Raskolnikov come to develop those beliefs and characteristics that impel him to commit his crime? We know only that he embodies these beliefs and characteristics from the outset of the novel. In grade to fully comprehend the whys and hows of Raskolnikov as a character, then, we must examine him outside the framework of this novel. But how, we migh t ask, are we to move beyond the narrative context in which Raskolnikov exists? The answer is simple we must place Raskolnikov within a different context and analyze him in light of this new context. How do we know which context to choose? It depends on what we hope to discover by such an analysis. In this case, we want to expand our knowledge of Raskolnikov?s characteristics and psyche. From Dostoevsky?s explicit narration, we already know Raskolnikov is a neurotic character who exhibits a number of neurotic tendencies throughout the novel. We must therefore locate a context that will financial aid us discover the meaning behind these neurotic tendencies. The logical backdrop to choose is a Freudian context, since Freud deals extensively with human psychology and ne... ...tween civilization and the human psyche?connections which are impossible to completely sever. The presence of these connections make it impossible for us to try to oppose the structure of civilization without en ding up in the same plight as Raskolnikov. Thus, both Freud and Dostoevsky seem to suggest that it is necessary for us to adapt ourselves as best we can to the pre-existing constructs of civilization and read to accept its less pleasant aspects. Works CitedDostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. Trans. Constance Garnett. New York Barnes & Noble Books, 1994.Freud, Sigmund. Civilizations and Its Discontents. The Freud Reader. Ed. Peter Gay. New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1989.Freud, Sigmund. Some Character-Types Met with in Psycho-analytic Work. Writings On Art and Literature. Ed. pack Strachey. Stanford Stanford UP, 1997.

Plagiarism and the Internet :: Cheating Education School Essays

Plagiarism and the Internet Copyright infringement, i.e., plagiarism is a crime that is occurring at pestiferous rates in todays society. Plagiarism can be found everywhere in this new age of technology. This is partially due to the occurrence that it is so easy to commit, as there are numerous resources on the Internet that people can use to pass off as their profess work. However, it is also becoming easier to catch, as there are galore(postnominal) sources on the nett that work with people to catch those who are attempting to pass off different peoples ideas and words as their own. Today I decided to do a search on Yahoo about buying papers on the Internet. To my move over seven hundred thousand results came back with web sites where you could purchase a paper or essay of almost sort. Although these web-sites all contain a disclaimer stating that under no circumstances should you try to pass their papers off as your own, the urge is just too hard t o resist for some people. They see this as an easy way to get out of writing that paper they have been dreading working on even though it is illegal and these web sites state that you must site their web-site if you use any portion of the paper that they provided you with. Other people cant bring themselves to pay the money for a paper so they choose to simply cut and paste information from a web site with their topic into their own paper. Although there are many people that blatantly plagiarize, there are also some that do so unintentionally. It is easy to plagiarize if you dont know how to cite information in a paper properly. Countless amounts of people put quotes or the citation in the wrong place, which often results in plagiarism. This can also occur when a psyche does not properly paraphrase a statement that they got from a source. Therefore, it is quite easy to commit plagiarism whether you mean to or not. In this new decennium of technology it is bec oming easier for teachers and professors to catch plagiarizers, for example the web sites such as www.

Essay --

Aliza LichyMs. HoffAmerican Government1/15/2014The Importance of a Strong Middle ClassHaving a strong middle class indicates that Americas democracy ordain be effervescent and its economy will be beneficial, which will lead to the supposition of precisely what America is both about. The setback is that the weakness of Americas middle class not only harms those affected by it, but all different individuals living in the U.S as well. Americas incomes are deteriorating or weakening, while items necessary to live increase in cost, and the probabilities of falling slow are beginning to develop. It is important that the gap between the upper class and the lower class is condensed, this way a strong middle class will be emitted. The modern persona of middle class citizens in America derives from the post World War II era. In 1944, the GI Bill was created to picture returning veterans with money to cover college, business, and home mortgages. This money gave servicemen the opportunity to afford a home of their own for the first time ever resulting in the extensive proliferation of residential construction. This was how American subdivision commenced (Suddath). The fault in the subdivision initiated when the strong gap between the upper class and the lower class formed callable to income inequality, race and gender disparities, education, and technology. The American government is working to rejuvenate the middle class and shorten the gap between the upper and lower class. In 2012, frailness President Joe Biden stated, Americas middle class is hurting, it is our charge to get the middle class the backbone of this country up and running again (A Strong n.d.). The revitalisation of Americas middle class is possible. In order to do so, the costs ... ...ny other ways that income is received consistently. Race and gender disparities are also a cause of the gap. The gender earnings gap in America as well as the Gender Wage Gap are other names for the difference in a male and females income year round. This information is gathered and used by economists and federal agencies as part of the current universe of discourse survey. In 2010 the median income of year round workers was $42,800 for men, compared to $34,700 for women. The ratio of money earned was 0.81, reaching a somewhat higher ratio than that of 2008. The female-to-male earnings ratio of 0.81 mover that, in 2009, female FTYR workers earned 19% less than male FTYR workers. The determination of the difference in income does not include the experience, education, skill, qualification, and more of the males and females as long as its full time (Income inequality).

Culutual Anthropology :: essays papers

Culutual AnthropologyAs an amateur anthropologist, I was to participate in my observation, which I did to the best of my ability. Choosing my topic was the most difficult for me. glide slope to America there ar so some(prenominal) options that I could choose to research. So what was I to do? Well, being in the state of Kentucky, Lexington at that, I decided to research a sporting event in which Americans call basket lummox. As soon as I stepped of the big metal bird, I maxim a picture of a wild cat holding a round orange ball. I remember thinking, I could never hunt these animals, they are too smart, they are nothing similar to the ones in the Outback of Australia. So I stopped the person that rode next to me on the metal bird, What is that animal doing with that ball? He remarked, We are in Lexington, home of the Kentucky Wildcats. With that he walked away. How could Kentucky be considered the home of the wildcat? We have many in the Outback. So, I continued down the go up whe re the birds drink and rest. Then it finally hit me, the name of the basketball team were the Wildcats. I was well on my way to find these Kentucky Wildcats. I arrived where they house the wildcats that hunt ball. The name of the confine was Rupp Arena. Apparently, I was not the only one interested in watching these trained animals play the sport of basketball. The price to watch these animals were passing expensive thirty dollars in American currency which would translate into 300 of my own currency. Once inside the cage I found that it was not at all what I thought it to be. There was an enormous amount of people present. In my observation this event is the biggest that people in this culture attend. In this cage you could smell a variety of things. Some smells were all too familiar from home the urine smell as you walked into the place where people went to relieve themselves reminded me of the Hole. They had many different foods that smelled nothing like anything that I have e ver smelled before. They had a brown thing that was twisted into a weird design they had something that was in the variety show of a triangle that looked like a piece of bread with cheese on top and round meat.

Charles Dickens and Samuel Clemens :: essays research papers fc

Charles deuce and Samuel Clemens(1812-1870)(1835-1910)Charles Dickens and Samuel Clemens lived in different parts of the world, England and America. Charles Dickens was twenty-three years old when Samuel Clemens was born. Charles Dickens was a male child who loved learning, while Samuel Clemens could hardly wait for school to end. Despite the fact that both authors reference Christianity and its customs, historians believe that Charles Dickens was a Christian whereas Samuel Clemens was not. The similarities between Charles Dickens and Samuel Clemens are numerous. Both authors are world famous legends who wrote many novels, created many characters, had an autobiographical character, and based characters on people in their lives. Samuel Clemens used the pen spot Mark Twain and Charles Dickens, for a brief time, used the pen name Boz. Both authors worked as journalists and wrote until the day they died. Their life experiences were reflected in their writings and the period in which they wrote was merely an account of what was really happening in history. England in the early years of the seventeenth century enjoyed the regency of the Prince of Wales, went to war with the United States and watched Napoleons terminal defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. During this time, one of the worlds greatest morally and socially responsible novelists, Charles Dickens was born in Portsea, England in 1812. Charles was the insurgent child and the oldest son of John and Elizabeth Dickens. Charles early years were happy especially during the ages of 5-9. He loved school, was imaginative and had a hunger for exercise. Charles Dickens A literary Life page 47 describes the collection of books in the attic that Charles would read as if it were a matter of life or death. Don Quixote, Robinson Crusoe, Arabian Nights and The Tales of the Genii, was reading material not suitable for a child, yet all of these stories influenced the novels Dickens would eventually write. His father was a clerk in the Navy Pay Office. Charles had a carefree life. He and his friends wore white beaver hats and called themselves Giles Cats. His parents had many parties and invited many friends, but the problem was that they spent more money than they had. By the time Charles was ten his family had lived in six different houses and each one was poorer and poorer than the one before. There were eight children and the family fell deeper and deeper into debt.

Charles Dickens and Samuel Clemens :: essays research papers fc

Charles Dickens and Samuel Clemens(1812-1870)(1835-1910)Charles Dickens and Samuel Clemens lived in different parts of the world, England and America. Charles Dickens was twenty-three years old when Samuel Clemens was born. Charles Dickens was a boy who loved learning, while Samuel Clemens could hardly wait for school to end. Despite the fact that both authors reference Christianity and its customs, historians believe that Charles Dickens was a Christian whereas Samuel Clemens was not. The similarities betwixt Charles Dickens and Samuel Clemens are numerous. Both authors are world famous legends who wrote many novels, created many characters, had an autobiographical character, and based characters on people in their lives. Samuel Clemens used the save name Mark Twain and Charles Dickens, for a brief time, used the pen name Boz. Both authors worked as journalists and wrote until the day they died. Their life experiences were reflected in their writings and the exdecadet in which t hey wrote was merely an account of what was really happening in history. England in the early years of the seventeenth century enjoyed the regency of the Prince of Wales, went to war with the United States and watched Napoleons final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. During this time, one of the worlds greatest morally and socially responsible novelists, Charles Dickens was born in Portsea, England in 1812. Charles was the second child and the oldest son of John and Elizabeth Dickens. Charles early years were happy especially during the ages of 5-9. He loved school, was imaginative and had a hunger for reading. Charles Dickens A Literary Life page 47 describes the collection of books in the attic that Charles would read as if it were a matter of life or death. Don Quixote, Robinson Crusoe, Arabian Nights and The Tales of the Genii, was reading material not suitable for a child, yet all of these stories influenced the novels Dickens would eventually write. His father was a clerk in t he Navy feed Office. Charles had a carefree life. He and his friends wore white beaver hats and called themselves Giles Cats. His parents had many parties and invited many friends, but the problem was that they spent more money than they had. By the time Charles was ten his family had lived in six different houses and each one was poorer and poorer than the one before. There were eight children and the family fell deeper and deeper into debt.

Business Is Booming Essay

The Broadway Cafe needs to take advantage of e-business strategies if it wants to remain competitive. Create a document that discusses the many e-business strategies that The Broadway Cafe could use to increase revenue. Be sure to focus on the different areas of business such as marketing, finance, accounting, sales, node service, and human resources.PROJECT cogitate* Explain how understanding e-business can back up you achieve success in each of these areas. A few questions you might want to address include 1. What grammatical case of e-business would you deploy at The Broadway Cafe? 2. How can an e-business outline help The Broadway Cafe attract customers and increase sales? 3. What types of metrics would you want to track on your e-business electronic network site? 4. How could you use an e-business strategy to partner with suppliers? 5. How could a portal help your employees?6. Would you use Kiosks in the cafe?By implementing the e-business strategy into broadway caf I beli eve that this would help us more to success in our small business. Referring to the e-business strategies I would deploy both the B2B and the B2C strategies. The B2B strategy is definitely a helpful tool that we will be used to deal with all our suppliers. This strategy makes communication between organizations easier.it will help us to go along track of our orders , make our data entry easier for our employee, helps to keep track of our shipment and orders.it will help us to apply a good management plan as well.another plan that we can count on is the electronic data interchange EDI by implementing this we would be able to exchange private message between our business and other organizations. From another side we have the B2C strategy and its the relationship between our caf and its customer.by implementing this strategy in our coffee shop we will allow first all internet users to have doorway to our coffee shop and have an idea whats broadway caf is all about and second well al low our customer to have access to their preferable coffee shop.This strategy will allow our customer to make online orders in a small or large quantity and it will make our base of customer larger than before. The e-business strategies in our broadway caf will definitely play a bigrole in the marketing of our caf it will definitely help our customers to meet our new products and to stand attached to the old ones and at the same time it will introduce our product to some new customers . the e-business will definitely help in trim cost through both strategies the B2B and the B2C.these strategies will allow our customers to have access to their products 24/7 and that help us to increase our sales. A portal is rattling important for our employee, it makes things easier to understand and clear and allow them to make any important changes that has to be done and showed to public.and from another side kiosk will help our customer to get all information they need online,any events or c hanges or how to use coupons for discounts etc.

Influences on the Philippines Essay

Although some may have had a longer lasting carry on on the Philippines each one helped create the Philippines to what it is to daylight. India has influenced the Philippines in all aspects of life, from writing, music, and language to even religion. Because of the high trade between India and the Philippines India was able to have a huge impact on the Philippines. Some religion that derriere be seen from Indian influence is Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam. This can be seen in the most southern island, Mindanao.Some Tagalog haggling argon even Indian influenced, such as mukha (face), putong (turban), and guro (teacher). Just like India the Chinese have also left a mark in the language however that is not what they are most known for. The Chinese has left many different types of food in the Philippines that are now in the every day lives of Filipinos. Some famous Filipino dishes that are Chinese influenced are pancit, lumpia, and lechon. Some chinese influenced words are susi (key), pinto (door), and kuya (older brother).Some very important influences from the Chinese that as help revolutionize the Philippines is the use of metal and gunpowder. It would then help give Philippines the power to defend itself later on. Probably the most influential group of flock would be the Spaniards, which was during the colonization of the Philippines by the Spaniards. Even the name of the Philippines was given by the Spaniards, which was named after the king of Spain Philip II. Going along with naming, a lot of surnames of Filipinos are Spanish influenced as well.Religion probably had the biggest impact on the Philippines because the majority of Filipinos are Roman Catholic. Filipinos follow Hispanic traditions when it comes to religion and some festivals are also Spanish influenced. Just like the Chinese and the Indians the Spanish also had an impact on the language of the Philippines. The language of the Philippines is a melting pot in itself because of the different word s derived from other languages. Last but not least the Americans also left a mark on the Philippines during the wars.The Jeepney is a popular form of transportation and can be seen all over the Philippines. After World War II there were many military standard jeeps that were left behind in the Philippines. As innovative as Filipinos are they used the jeeps to their advantage and thus created the Jeepney. English is probably the second most spoken language in the Philippines. An English verbalizer would not have any problem trying to make their way through the Philippines. The Philippines continues to grow in itself with the everlasting influences of the many countries that came to the Philippines.

Assignments Essay

Choose one scientist involved in formulating the modern periodic shelve and describe why their twist made a probatory contribution to the development of the periodic table. Dmitri Mendeleevs contribution to the modern day periodic table is widely renowned in the report of chemical science. Mendeleev was the creator of the periodic table arranging 63 cognise elements in order of their atomic mass. His discovery made a significant impact in the development of the periodic table as it set the foundation for further progress to occur in the future.Dmitri Mendeleev anticipated the existence of unexampled elements to be observed, therefore leaving gaps in the ascending order of elements. Mendeleev was the historied discoverer of isotopes and r be gasses. In summary, science is a blend of logic and predilection and Mendeleev demonstrated these attributes through developing the periodic table (Western Oregon University, 2012). Dmitri Mendeleevs creation of the periodic table was con sidered one of the greatest triumphs in chemistry history as it allowed for further exploration to begin. Why do you think the development of the periodic table required input from a range of different citizenry?As many ar aw be, the development of the periodic table required numerous scientists such as John Newlands and Julius Lothar Mieyer. If not for these men, Mendeleevs table would not be as accurate as it is today. As time progressed, technology advanced scientists discovered noble gasses and determined each elements atomic number. Many scientists contend a vital role in developing our modern day periodic table as each person had a different familiarity and thought of chemistry. To conclude, the periodic table was never one mans discovery, but the result of numerous scientists explorations and experimentations.Each played a vital divulge in challenging/confirming the theories of their predecessors, recognising different patterns and properties between different elements . How did improvements in technology influence the development of the periodic table? With the improvement in technology from the 1800s through to present day the development of the periodic table has undergone significant changes. Since the development of the table by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, scientists make utilised brand-new technologies to produce a more accurate representation of the chemical elements.Scientists such as William Ramsay, who discovered noble gasses, drastically changed the periodic table adding a unit new group. In 1913, Henry Mosely significantly affected the periodic table with his discovery of nuclear charge. Ultimately, the nigh technological change is attributed to Glen Seaborg in 1940. His work on the discovery of atomic number reconfigured the periodic table, awarding him the noble prize in chemistry in 1951. Without technological advancements such as nuclear reactors, range and the chemical bond certificates system (Alexander Crum Brow)). Seaborg po ssibly would not have been able to discover what he did.In summary, the advancement in technology has importantly altered Mendeleevs original periodic table and will most likely continue with new synthetic elements being added. Briefly describe information we now have about atoms that was not available to earlier scientists who were identifying patterns and trends within early versions of the periodic table. What trends could they see, compared to what we now know? In the 20th Century, scientists have a greater understanding of atoms and the patterns they follow compared to those who invented the early versions of the periodic table.It was noted in the early 1800s, that matter consisted of lumpy particles called atoms. Towards the end of the century, J. J Thompson discovered electrons and their negative charge. He hypothesised that atoms would therefore expect positive charged particles. In 1869, scientists began to recognised patterns in properties originating from a number of kno wn elements, eventually developing the classification methods. During the early versions of the periodic table, it was determined by Henry Mosely to arrange elements in order of their atomic number.This pattern followed the periodic table concept more accurately than the arrangement of atomic weight. Another notable trend originated from glen Seaborg in the 1940s. Seaborg artificially produced new heavy mass elements such as neptunium and plutonium. Thus creating a new block in the table called antinides. To conclude our knowledge of atoms, their structure and patterns they form in the periodic table originating from the 18th century has developed. Essay Part This essay will provide a clear insight into the element of chlorine.It will include detail on the history of chlorine, its structure, position on the periodic table and the ions formed. The element of centilitre was discovered quite early compared to many other elements. Carl Wilhelm Scheele start-off produced the element in 1774 in Sweden. Scheele came across this element after combining the mineral pyrolusite and hydrochloric acid together. He discovered that this new gas reacted with metals, dissolved slightly in water and bleached flowers and leaves. At first, Scheele believed that the gas produced was oxygen, however Sir Humphry Davy proved in 1810 that this gas was new.Sir Davy so went on to name the new substance centilitre after the Greek word (Chloros) meaning greenish yellow. Chlorines element structure is mistakable to other elements that are situated in the halogens group on the periodic table. This element comprises an atomic number of 17 and weight of 35. 5. Chlorine is known to be an extremely reactive gas therefore providing reasons as to why it directly combines with the majority of other elements except for the noble gasses. This element is arranged into three shells. The first two shells are filled with electrons.Meanwhile the third contains only seven electrons. Chlorine is a nat urally occurring element, arising in the Earths crust and seawater. Its abundance in the Earth is about 100-300 parts per million (Chemistry Explained, 2013). This element is considerably well known to be a dense gas, containing a niggardliness rating of 3. 21g per litre. Chlorine is quite a strong oxidizing agent. In other words, it is notorious for taking on electrons from other substances. Nevertheless, the element chlorines special(prenominal) element structure dictates as to why it is positioned within the halogens group.Chlorine has been specifically positioned within the periodic table situated in group 17 because it belongs to the halogens family. It is known to be the second lightest element in the halogens group. Chlorine is situated in this group because it contains similar chemical properties to other halogen family members. Some chemical and physical properties of these elements are that are very reactive, they contain seven valence electrons, they are poor conductors and they are brittle when solid.Chlorine has a melting point of -100. 98Cand a boiling point of -34. C. Chlorine is heavier than air and proved very effective as a chemical weapon in the trenches and fox holes dug in World War One. Chlorine has been specifically positioned towards the top end of the halogens as it holds a notably low atomic number compared to other elements that are alike a part of the same group. In summary, Mendeleev and Seaborg essentially position chlorine within the halogens group due to its similar characteristics. The elements included in the halogens group are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).Fluorine and chlorine, both have seven valence electrons in their outer shell. That seven-electron trait applies to all of the halogens. They are all just one electron shy of having full shells. The halogens have the trait of combining with many different elements. They are very reactive. You will frequently find them bonding w ith metals and elements from Group One of the periodic table. Fluorine is the most reactive of the halogens and reactivity decreases as you move down the column. Therefore, Chlorine is the second most reactive. As the atomic number increases, the atoms get bigger.Their chemical properties change just a small amount when compared to the element right above them on the table. Chlorine forms a negative ion by reason of a greater amount of electrons than protons. This atom has 17 protons and electrons. Due to the last unfilled electron shell, this element transforms into a negative ion. In simpler terms, a negative ion contains one more electron than proton. In scientific language, a negative ion is otherwise known as an anion. Chlorine is converted into an ion once gaining an extra electron from a different element. This process is essential for creating an ionic bond.Chlorines ion is known to be extremely fat-soluble in water, thus giving reasons as to why it bonds with sodium, formi ng sodium chloride. The ionic bond that forms is measured in terms of valence, meaning how much an element wants to bond with another element. To summarise, chlorine and sodium are a direct example of an ionic bond that forms when two ions chemically attach together. The uses of chlorine in public life are vast and continue to be used world-wide specifically for maintaining a clean swimming pool environment and many uses as a cleaning agent.

Complying with International Accounting Standards

Title Contrast and comp argon the method and footing upon which Nike weed studies on impertinent currency deductions in footings of IAS 21 and whole some other relevant IAS IFAS ordinances. In the event if the partnership reports harmonizing to internationalistic criterions, discourse the deductions in simile to the criterions applied in the Home state of the corporation.IntroductionGlobally, there are figure of report criterions, most of all, dickens primary chronicle criterions are external history beats implemented by the International history Standards jump on ( IASB ) and the in the main recognised Accounting Practice of the the States, which is implemented by the Financial Accounting Standards age ( FASB ) . Accounting Standards are set of method of accounting regulations that govern the manner in how the histories ( financial statements ) of a corporation is displayedAt an international degree, it is the duty of The International confederation of Accounta nts ( IFAC ) to regulate accounting organic structures in regard of conformity with accounting criterions. The aim of the federation is to develop and heighten world-wide accounting profession with consonant standards1 and integrated coordination within the profession. Where a chafe has an international dimension, it must adhere and follow with the international accounting criterions.In add-on, conformity with IAS will help international concerns and international investors to interpret the relevant accounting education of the internationally trading concern. For illustration, to contrast a Gallic company with an Australian company it is needed for all(prenominal) company to expose their accounting information in an suitably comparable method.DEFINITION OF IASIAS include a figure of criterions, each criterions trades with assorted accounting issues associating to international minutess and other minutess that do non hold a domestic component and therefore necessitate to be regul ated at an international degree.International Accounting Standard 21 is used for the prescription of the standard signifier of including foreign currency minutess and foreign operations in the companys monetary statement. Additionally, it prescribes the interlingual rendition of financial statements into a presentation currency. The troubles down the stairsscoring this rule are finding the employment of an exchange rate and the describing the effects of alterations in exchange rates in the monetary statements. pursuance are some of the cardinal accounting nomenclature used under IAS 21.8Functional currency/measurement currencyis the currency of the primary economic environment in the legal residence of companys operation.Presentation currency is the currency in which fiscal statements are presented.Exchange difference is the difference ensuing from a transition of certain units of a one currency into another currency at a different exchange rate.Foreign operation relates to t he activities that are found in another state other than the coverage endeavor this include a subordinate of the parent company, associate, joint venture or a subdivision.The amount and presentation of fiscal statements under IAS 21 was superseded by IAS 21 ( revised 2003 ) this alteration is the effect of the effects of alterations in Foreign Exchange Rates. This was telling on one-year fiscal periods get downing on or after 1stJanuary 2005.ISA 17 requires that revenue enhancement related issues must be compiled in fiscal histories in conformity with the IAS by exposing assets taken on rentals on the balance sheet 2. to a lower place IAS 29.39 ( B ) and 40 corporations are under duty to hind end the use of methodological analysis in using IAS 29 as a revelation policy of the accounting criterions 3.ISA 39 is used for the measurement and valuing assets and fiscal liabilities that in foreign currency. ISA 21 concerns the exchange rates in change overing foreign currency fiscal assets and liabilities into national currency by utilizing the end-month exchange currency rate 4.APPLICABILITY OF IASInternational Accounting Standards are set of elaborate list of regulations prepared for comptrollers and companies for the conformity in the production of accounting statements.International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB ) under ( SIC 30.7-14 ) permits some endeavors in other states in a hyperinflationary environment like the ground forces to utilize the States dollar other than utilizing the measurement currency. In the event that a corporation applies this allowance, the corporation must guarantee that impacts of hyperinflation are suitably addressed ( ISA 21.36 ) 5. However, must follow the rectify surgery by repeating the topical anesthetic-currency IFRS fiscal statements to the mensurating unit current at the balance sheet day of the month IAS29.7-8 SIC-19.5-9 , so, utilizing the year-end exchange rate, to interpret the fiscal statements into the fixed currency for all periods presented.SIC 19 articulated that the commissariats for fiscal information must be utile to reflect the pecuniary kernel of the cardinal events and fortunes that are relevant to that company. Furthermore, the use of currency to mensurate points in the fiscal statement must be tailored to supply information sing the company. The measuring of foreign currency points must be handle as foreign currency in the fiscal statement and the construing of fiscal statement. Inevitably, there are no commissariats under the International Accounting Standard 19 for corporation to randomly take to accommodate steps for the turning away of repeating fiscal statements that are treated in the currency of a hyperinflationary economy .Hyperinflationary economic system has the undermentioned component the accretion of non-economical assets in a stable foreign currency the come along of well stable foreign currency is k forthwithn as a financial sum, these being capital go ods, rewards and rent. Price index interconnects to pricing, pay of workers and the involvement rates. Under IAS 29.3 ( a ) ( vitamin E ) the cumulative rising prices rate over three old ages will near or transcend 100 % . Finally, the pricing of intelligence gross revenues are measured in a manner that compensates for the awaited loss of dickering power during the recognition period.As an illustration, lets assume that a British company as a step of its points in the fiscal statement uses the British lb as an appropriate currency under the IAS 21. In add-on, the company restates the equivalent fiscal statements under the rule of IAS 29, which the fortunes indicate that the British lb is the currency of hyperinflationary economy . On the contrary, the company is non precluded from change overing the fiscal statements to be presented in Gallic francs.AMERICAN STANDARDSThe Generally Accepted Accounting Practice ( USA ) is the accounting criterions that are used with the United State s of America to regulate USA corporations. These criterions are distinctively different from IAS as U.S. accounting criterions have become rules-based, filled with specific inside informations in an effort to turn to as many possible eventualities as possible6. Subsequent to the execution of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in an effort to turn to the job, infallible the endorsement to analyze the practicableness of a principles-based accounting system. It was concluded that, feasibleness of a principles-based attack could reflect minutess at a true economic substance 7.Within the USA legal power there is a local monopoly for the authorship of fiscal coverage criterions for public companies. The statutory laterality over fiscal coverage criterions is vested in the Securities Exchange Commission ( SEC ) and the authorship criterions are delegated to the Financial Accounting Standards Board ( FASB ) .Most USA based corporation use the Generally Accepted Accounting Practice. In the in itial contemplation of criterions, generally accepted accounting principles is principles-based systems that pose troubles, which tend to originate when specific criterions come up for consideration.However, non-adoption of cosmopolitan criterions of accounting have caused great troubles to build the cost and benefits of typical and consonant fiscal coverage to get at efficient solutions. In add-on, this has created farther jobs for users of fiscal information because of the complexness in understanding the fiscal statements of abroad corporations.However, there is cover grounds that figure of states use the USA accounting criterions as a benchmark to manner criterions appropriate for their ain economic system. It is articulated that the Accounting Standards Board ( IASB ) , the FASB and the SEC are the best patterns in the universe. This is the ground environing USA determination non to accommodate cosmopolitan accounting criterions. In add-on, U.S. permits companies to accommodat e to looser By and striking Accepted Accounting Principles.In the contrary, the president of the SEC and the FASB and IASB have reached a consensus in 2002 on working together toward a greater convergence between U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and international accounting criterions.International StandardInternational Accounting Standards are used in fixing fiscal studies. It was the Lisbon Council of European Union ( EU ) to advance a sole, lasting and liquid fiscal market by the version and enforcement of a individual and united set of fiscal coverage criterions. The intent of the ISA was to set up and continue quality criterions for all individuals who used such fiscal information.The acknowledgment of the heightening globalization made wonderful demands for a better and uplifteder quality international accounting criterions. The European Commission favoured the proposals for IAS and challenged the SEC determination to disapprove the use of ISA in the USA market s. SEC concerns over the possible acceptance of ISA was in regard of the jobs that may originate by the non-correspondence of histories between different corporations may put some companies at a disadvantage with their opposite numbers.CONFLICTING PracticesIn June 2001, the displaying of trade names and other rational belongings on the balance sheet of USA based corporations was titivated under the USA GAAP ( Generally Accepted Accounting Practice ) . This was the consequence of a proficient differentiation in accounting policies of USA GAAP and IFRS the differentiations were in relation to the amortization of good will, negative good will and hedge accounting 8. Although, the overruling benefit of using IFRS is comparable to USA based corporations. Once, the users of accounting information such as investors, stockholders and other corporation faced intensive troubles in trying to construe and understand histories of abroad companies due to the use of diverse pecuniary linguistic c ommunication. But the current accounting policies of IFRS purposes to turn to and help in the determination doing procedure of those who are effected by accounting policies and possible investors. colossal figure of corporation are faced with figure of trouble in regard of taking the right signifier of accounting criterion. Predominantly, big figure of USA companies, autumn into this class the ground behind this being that USA has its accounting criterions that are non parallel with the international accounting criterions.This conflicting factor between the two accounting patterns render it incompatible for USA companies like Nike to do commissariats taking to follow with both accounting patterns. However, in accounting pattern this is impracticable and impracticable unless an endeavor compiles two sets of histories that comply with both patterns.To turn to this conflicting domination on many investors and others likewise, USA committee is coming to footings with accepting the dema nd for high quality fiscal coverage model. As the turning insensitiveness in globalization of companies and for the protection of the activities and involvement of investors, loaners and companies, the Commission is heightening its engagement in a figure of forums to set up a universally accepted fiscal coverage model 9.However, the SECs supervising and disposal for the equity of fiscal studies submitted by corporations will go on under the competitory government. At present, non much revelation on societal and environmental issues is required of US companies in contrast to demands emerging in Europe and elsewhere around the universe. However, a former legal research in 1999 by Williams suggested that the SEC coherently has the authorization to necessitate such revelations. The job being that insufficient action has been taken to implement a authorization for societal and environmental revelations by companies in the USA. US companies are neglecting to chance on on environmental an d societal tendencies and events that possess material impact. Consequent to the findings of a research on non-compliance with revelation regulations Sarbanes-Oxley attempted to better the duty of fiscal studies and ethical criterions of companies 10. Problems exist in this country because of too many different criterions, increasing costs of coverage, fright because of Kasky v. Nike, inquiries about materiality, and the fact that confirmation procedures are immature11.NIKE CORPORATIONNike is one of the top athleticss retails in the universe the companys aim is to make concern with contrast mill that persistently dilate conformity with Nikes criterions and that operates in a lawful mode. Nike is the lone company that has created its ain criterions, programmes and activities to place reference and study issues of conformity in contract mills to assist find development.Presently, there are no industry-accepted indexs for mensurating Nexts public presentation. Neither there are an y standard coverage conditions in regard of contract mills, which can be by and large accepted. However, Nike has its ain creative activity of mensurating its ain criterions, programmes and activities to place reference and study issues of conformity in contract mills.The concerns over whether Following Corporation complies with any accounting criterions is an unreciprocated inquiry. Another cause of concern is that the hearers besides use questionable research methods, of which Nike plainly makes the consequences public that do non harm its reputation12.Over the old ages Nike had been capable to case in relation to its legal duty over the conformity of its providers with local labor Torahs and the accounting patterns that were used to immune its repute. These sorts of allegations will necessarily form on the heads of consumers. Then the Nike s success, like that of so many modern companies, is all about keeping trade name values and the value of the brand13. Fortunately, engineeri ng is at manus to assist companies pull off this hard undertaking. Clearly, unless module have the necessary preparation and accomplishment non nevertheless to execute their responsibilities aptly but besides in conformity with the company s ethical and concern criterions, good administration and conformity will non be achieved. That applies merely every bit much to providers as it does to the primary trade name proprietor and it goes right to the bosom of good corporate administration 14.In 2003, Nike adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement 142 for the appraisal of its Goodwill and other touchable assets 15. In relation to the revelation of sections of an endeavor and related information, Nike has adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No131 ( 16 ) . However, far from over these steps are merely in conformity with the USA GAAP and non with the IAS.NIKES Accounting PolicyHarmonizing to the accommodations on the fiscal statements of Nike, there were accommodations associating to the transition and interlingual rendition of foreign functional currencies into USA Dollars. This is reflected by the inclusion of the accommodations of foreign currency interlingual renditions and a constituent of accretion of the comprehensive income/losses in shareholders equity.It is apparent from Nikes histories, that the coevals of transactional income and losingss as an effectual facet of accounting of foreign exchange on the recording of assets and liabilities of the company is denominated in a typical currency other than the currency that is applicable for the company are recorded in other disbursals.However, the inside informations of these generational minutess are non recorded in the period of their happening. However, under IAS 29, 26 and 30 it is required to describe the consequence of hyperinflation, which must be restated in footings of the mensurating unit current at the balance sheet day of the month. That the historical cost income st atement by and large recognises grosss and disbursals at monetary values current at the dealing day of the month. Nonetheless, IAS provide a degree of flexibleness in following different accounting standards17.Already, Nike was capable to figure of cases because of its falsified information on its histories ensuing from the intervention of labour workers around the universe. The legal proceedings in June 2003 involved allegations that Nike made false statements in public dealingss materials 18.The troubles underscoring for Nike in the adoptability and conformity with a chosen set of accounting criterions is that Nike has operations in the USA as its legal residence of abode therefore, Nike is required to adhere to USA GAAP. In other words, the obstruction caused by conformity with USA GAAP means that Nike can non pick to roll up its fiscal studies in conformity with the IAS.Nike represents fiscal statements in USA dollars instead than the measurement currency but it guarantee that the impact of hyperinflation under ISA 21.36 is adequately dealt with in the fiscal statements. This enables Nike to do conformity steps for GAAP and IAS 21.Supervision OF COMPLIANCE WITH ACCOUNTING STANDARDSIn the USA, it is the duty of the SEC to oversee corporations on their conformity of the accounting criterions. In the event of unjust coverage, the SEC will go on to raise inquiries with the corporations and their hearers.A corporation will be capable to disciplinary action in the event of a failure to follow with the altered coverage or auditing triggered by the unfairness in describing. In the event of relentless unfairness and non-compliance heedless of the conformity of studies to the adapted set of fiscal criterions, the SEC ( regulator ) will bespeak the incorporators of the accounting criterions to undertake the quandary.Disciplinary action against USA hearers are functioned and section among the authorities and self-regulatory administrations both at federal and provi nce degrees.Where a USA corporation adapts International Accounting Standards, SEC has the authorization to necessitate that corporation to nurse an accounting study audited by the hearers who are capable to a regulative government that is acceptable to the SEC.However, if a corporation failed to follow with accounting criterions and have produced ambidextrous histories misdirecting investors and other history users so the corporations comptrollers are capable to condemnable liability. The treatments in 2004 over the Parmalat dirt due to non-compliance with accounting criterions made Accounting Bodies realise that fraud knows no national boundaries Donaldson. Furthermore, he added the lesson from Parmalat is a lesson for the demand of cooperation between United States and regulators around the universe that is precisely what we are naming for now 19.DecisionDespite of troubles arise by figure of typical accounting criterions, there are besides advantages behind the devilling frame the handiness of different accounting criterions has made gradual and steady betterments in the efficiency of corporate administration and in the apprehension and construing of company histories.However, on the other terminal of the spectrum, there were and right off are underscoring troubles in the use of different accounting criterions. First, there are issues that are cause for concern particularly the issue of retreating corporations to taking to follow accounting criterions from a wide scope of picks instead than modulating on the domestic pattern of accounting criterions and curtailing the adoptability of other criterions.There are typical differences between the accounting criterions at an international degree and USA degree, this renders it intensive for most international companies that wish to hold operation or those that already have operations and those corporation that opine to raise financess in the USA capital market as they are required to adhere to the USA GAAP. This same quandary includes Nike Corporation as it has USA operations.1 monetary Reporting Alexander D and Britton A 2002 6Thursdayedt p1592hypertext sell communications protocol //www.newagebd.com/2005/jan/27/busi.html3hypertext point protocol //www.pwcglobal.com/Extweb/service.nsf/0/5A7896B9AA1585B785256C76005A20C0? opendocument nine4hypertext take away protocol //forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/accstat/info/ entropy/en/IAS and ESA95.htm5hypertext transfer protocol //www.pwcglobal.com/Extweb/service.nsf/0/5A7896B9AA1585B785256C76005A20C0? opendocument6hypertext transfer protocol //www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/2004/804/essentials/p34.htm7hypertext transfer protocol //www.sec.gov/news/studies/soxoffbalancerpt.pdf8hypertext transfer protocol //www.bcccc.net/index.cfm? fuseaction=Page.viewPage & A pageId=1172 & A nodeID=3 & A parentID=1170 & A grandparentID=8859hypertext transfer protocol //www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/2004/804/essentials/p34.htm10hypertext transfer protocol //www.b cccc.net/index.cfm? fuseaction=Page.viewPage & A pageId=1172 & A nodeID=3 & A parentID=1170 & A grandparentID=88511Williams, Cynthia A. 1999. The Securities and Exchange Commission and Corporate Social Transparency. Harvard police force Review, 1197, 1998-1999, 112 1197-1298.12hypertext transfer protocol //forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/accstat/info/ entropy/en/IAS and ESA95.htm13hypertext transfer protocol //www.atkisson.com/wavefront/wavefront03.html14hypertext transfer protocol //www.cleanclothes.org/companies/nikecase.htm15hypertext transfer protocol //www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release? id=12557016hypertext transfer protocol //biz.yahoo.com/e/050406/nke10-q.html17hypertext transfer protocol //forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/accstat/info/data/en/IAS and ESA95.htm18hypertext transfer protocol //www.citizenworks.org/news/index.php? id=11919Meeting in Brussels 2004BibliographyTEXT BOOKFiscal Reporting Alexander D and Britton A 2002 6Thursdayedt Financial Times Prentice HallWilli ams, Cynthia A. 1999. The Securities and Exchange Commission and Corporate Social Transparency. Harvard Law Review, 1197, 1998-1999, 112 1197-1298.Web siteshypertext transfer protocol //www.newagebd.com/2005/jan/27/busi.htmlhypertext transfer protocol //www.pwcglobal.com/Extweb/service.nsf/0/5A7896B9AA1585B785256C76005A20C0? opendocument ninehypertext transfer protocol //forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/accstat/info/data/en/IAS and ESA95.htmhypertext transfer protocol //www.pwcglobal.com/Extweb/service.nsf/0/5A7896B9AA1585B785256C76005A20C0? opendocumenthypertext transfer protocol //www.sec.gov/news/studies/soxoffbalancerpt.pdfhypertext transfer protocol //www.bcccc.net/index.cfm? fuseaction=Page.viewPage & A pageId=1172 & A nodeID=3 & A parentID=1170 & A grandparentID=885hypertext transfer protocol //www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/2004/804/essentials/p34.htmhypertext transfer protocol //forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/accstat/info/data/en/IAS and ESA95.htmhypertext transfer protocol //ww w.atkisson.com/wavefront/wavefront03.htmlhypertext transfer protocol //www.cleanclothes.org/companies/nikecase.htmhypertext transfer protocol //www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release? id=125570hypertext transfer protocol //biz.yahoo.com/e/050406/nke10-q.htmlhypertext transfer protocol //www.citizenworks.org/news/index.php? id=119Meeting in Brussels 2004

Separate Facts from Inference

7) SEPARATE FACTS FROM INFERENCES One of the most important things during the process of interviewing the potential lowlifedidate for hiring them in certain post or position in the makeup is the interviewers moldiness be equipped with skills that they can separate facts from inferences that they come made earlier. What is fact? Fact is something that can be proven by observation from ca employment to effect. An inference is something that is inferred, or implied, by the existence of two conditions.For this, every manager, supervisors and Human Resource representative should be trained to be a fact-gathering interviewer. The interviewers have responsibility to obtain proper information about the job that the applicant wants to hire. This is what the interviewer must equip themselves because the candidates they meet for the first time must be screened thoroughly. The specific approach to a fact-gathering interview will depend on variety of things, including whom they atomic number 18 interviewing with, their fill inledge about the job position offered by the organization itself, and their own personal preferences.Every interviewer must developed unique method in conducting a fact-gathering interview because different job post interview have different way or method in collecting facts from the candidates. As interviewers, they must start collecting important fact from the candidates such as in the interview for the job as PTD (Pegawai Tadbir & Diplomatik). PTD is one and only(a) of the posts in Malaysian Civil Service. It is administrative or executive power machinery in implementing policies and political science decisions to achieve the objectives and goals of the nation.In fact, this utility has its own specialized field, such as International Relations and Foreign Affairs, National Security and Defence, Management of Information and Communication Technology, Administration and Regional culture / Land / District / Local, Planning and Social Administrat ion / Infrastructure, Human Resource Management and Organization, Economic Resource Management, Resource Management and Finance.This service is a major leadership role in a variety of ministries and federal departments as closely as some state administration as Secretary General, police lieutenant Secretary General, Director General, Deputy Director General, State Secretary, Ambassador, and the District Officer. For selecting the most suitable candidate to fill this critical job post in the government sector, the interviewers are from the members of the Public Service Commission (PSC) who have received their pension.Most of them were also the former direct of Department in government bodies from grade 54 and above. For the interviewers, they must put in mind this is a further assessment session and the final stage of shortlisting from the previous stages, in which a potential candidate is evaluated for a prospective employment. An interview would be the final instrument to evalu ate and validate a candidates overall performance in the aspects of noesis, skills and personality. The interview hopes to get hold whether or non the applicant is suitable for the job.Thus, the interviewers job is to gather as much as they can facts, opinions and they will make decision ground on what they have get throughed from the candidates. Most of the interviews gained facts based on the questions that have been outline below 1. Educational background 2. Family background 3. Way of the candidates walk 4. Communication skills 5. direction in standing an argument from selected ideas 6. Job experience All of the questions that will be asked such as educational and family background are needed to know the suitability with the job sector that they will be post.The family environment factors are also helping the interviewers to gain information if the candidates have experience to live in a family who are from the government servants, so they are likely can adapt well in the future job environment because of the exposure from their family. feel into the way of candidates walk and their communication skills will relate us to the psychological development. For that, the interviewer must equip themselves with Human Psychological Knowledge.This is because, 50% of the accuracy of human demeanour can be read from their walking style and communication skills. For the question on standing an argument from selected idea is where the interviewer wanted to collect fact from the candidates their knowledge about administration world. Ask the candidates to list some information about current cabinet members, who is the current Chief Secretary of Government or KSN (Ketua Setiausaha Negara), Head of Civil Service and etc. The fact about parliamentary system, government policies and current issues were also being recorded. Question hat will be asked to gain candidate opinion can also be asked as additional information such as what are your life goals, why want to be P TD and what you want to be in the next few years. 8) RECOGNIZE STEREOTYPES AND BIASES What is stereotype? According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, stereotype is defined as a fixed idea or image that many masses have a particular type of a person or thing, which is often not true in reality. Bias is defined as a strong feeling in favour of or against one group of plenty, or one side in an argument, often not based on fair judgement.From those definitions, we can see that both conditions are usually occurring in the realm of hiring people for certain job. These problems must be eliminated by the managers, supervisors and Human Resource representative during conducting any interview because preferring stereotypes and biases will resulting in hiring people that are not opened in doing their job although the interviewer think the opposite. In the world of hiring workers, usually interviewers will involve in stereotyping when they start to form a generalization of opinions abo ut people of a given gender, race, ethnic background, or appearance.These cultures of stereotyping have flourished in many conditions such as culture and everyday life, not forgetting organization and business world. Usually, interviewers use stereotype to make decision about hiring any person with little or no information about the person itself. For that, discrimination will stretch out to happen because the interviewers (managers, supervisors and HR representatives) will not selecting a person with concrete evidence and only based by sentiments.These are some examples of common stereotypes and biases that can be intentionally or unintentionally made by interviewers which could create problems such as not hiring suitable workforce needed by the organization thus creating liability and problems under employment discrimination laws. * Stereotypes in advertising for candidates (example only selecting fresh graduates or only selecting worker for certain race because they are more har dworking. ) * Applicants appearances that make him/her seem unable to do job. * Refusing to pregnant women * People with disabilities and old people Younger people have soaring energy levels and are very open to learning new technology. * Disabled or handicapped person should be employed for a short marge period. * Woman and minorities cannot do certain job or do not want certain job. * Candidates, who are shy during the interviews, will not perform well on the job. 1 . http//wiki. answers. com 2 . (Stev e W. Schneider, n. d. pg 1) 3 . (http//imej. spa. gov. my/dev/pdf/ProfilingBasedRecruitment. pdf) 4 . ( Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 2010) 5 . (ohioemployerlawblog. com, 2008) 6 . ( ohioemployerlawblog. com, 2008)

Logistics Readiness

Logistics came from the word logos (), which means calculation, ratio, reason, speech and oration. Since ancient times, logistics is already used to supply, move and maintain armies especially during war time. historical leaders such as Alexander the Great, Hannibal Barca, and the Duke of Wellington ar said to be logistical geniuses who mobilized their army through great distances, and won numerous battles. During land War II, logistics played an all-important(a) role for the linked States since the resources is during that time is limited due to the depression and close of the battles happened in enemy territories in Europe.Today, logistics is now similarly known as supply chain management (SCM) and defined as the art and science of planning, operation, control, design and development, procurement, inventory, maintenance, storage, distribution and replacement of personnel, materials, supplies and other resources. (LogisticsWorld) Logistics or SCM does non only apply to the m ilitary but to business, production and trade well. The main objective of logistics is simple, that is, to use the resources without waste to meet or exceed the demands of the party in need.These resources that must be minimized (or sometimes maximized) include fuel, personnel, equipment, storage facilities, handling facilities, transport vehicles and most importantly, time and money. There atomic number 18 two criteria for which all logistics decisions and policies argon based. These are production efficiency and effectiveness. (Eccles, 1959) By using the resources cost-effectively and effectively is to have the advantage of getting bigger opportunities, higher revenues, strategic advantage in coverage and localisation, and preparedness for important events that might happen.Developed from James A. Hustons Sinews of War are some of the important principles considered in logistics. These principles areTiming. Should be telling to the objective and dependent in the level of proc urement, whether a high-level or a just simply a tactical supply. Proper timing is important especially when certain risks are involved in accomplishing a certain task.Feasibility. Logistics planning and design should too consider the organizations capabilities of carrying out orders. It is crucial to determine whether the organization can possibly accomplish the task given the difficulty of the demands.Flexibility. A logistics organization must be capable of adapting to new or changes in requirements or terrain conditions. A logistics organization must be able to convert according to the present conditions or problems that are encountered anytime along the way.Information. Accurate and cutting-edge information on every aspect is vital to logistics planning and distribution. False or unseen information may lead to accidents or loss of revenue.Economics. Resources allocated for logistics are almost always limited and it is necessary to use them in the best way to achieve or exceed the primary goal.Relativity. Logistics activity is all intercourse to time, location, availability of resources and circumstances and can never be absolute. Each logistic activity is unique and changes according to different conditions and demands.Location is also an important component part being considered in logistics. This applies for twain the distribution center and the destinations at which the required product or good is needed. It is crucial to determine the location in logistics as it determines the distance, total time needed to travel, and how big is the coverage of the distribution center at which it can deliver the desired goods at minimized cost. The nearer the location of the distribution center, the shorter the time it takes to deliver and the lesser the cost of travel that will be used. Location does not only mean the distance but also the topography of the region.The topography of the place between the source and destination dictates the appropriate or best mod e of transport that should be used. For example, to deliver supplies in mountainous area from a lowland city, the best way to deliver the product or good in a time-efficient manner is through air by helicopters. But if thither is an acceptable and safe road present towards the destination, delivering by land is more cost-efficient.To attain higher logistic efficiency, there are a lot of factors that are involved depending on the demands and level of procurement. Location is only one but an important factor that must be considered to have a more efficient and effective method of procurement and distribution of goods. Some of these factors include the distribution strategy resource availability network configuration, and inventory management.Logistics, added with efficiency and effectiveness translates to power. (Boutelle, 2007) This applies to both the military and in trade & industry. Logistics can be seen as military power or economic power depending on the one who perceives it. As of today, the fall in States military does not content itself of having the most powerful army, but now also develop ways in order to create a the most cost-effective military that can withstand the long-term war on terrorism. The knowledge and foresight of supply and movement factors are the basis of a logisticians plan. Only then he can know when and how to take risks that will win him battles and achieve the ultimate goal which is the betterment of his fellow men. (Wavell, 1946)ReferencesBoutelle, L. G. (2007). CIO View. Retrieved haughty 18, 2007, from Defense Systems Website http//www.defensesystems.com/issues/1_5/cio_view/464-1.htmlCox, M. D. (1999, September). LogisticsWorld. Retrieved August 17, 2007, from LogisticsWorld Website http//www.logisticsworld.com/logistics.htmEccles, A. H. (1959). Logistics in the National Defense. Harrisburg, Pa.How The Army Runs. (n.d.). Retrieved August 17, 2007, from US Army WAr College Website http//carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/dclm/linked textchapters/CHAPTER12.pdfHuston, J. A. (1966). The Sinews of War Army Logistics, 1775-1953. Washington Office of Military History, United States Army.Wavell, F. M. (1946). Speaking Generally. London Macmillan.Worthen, B. (n.d.). ABC An Introduction to Supply Chain Management. Retrieved August 18, 2007, from Business Technology Leadership Website http//www.cio.com/article/40940

How do feminists explain inequality between the sexes and how do they seek to remedy it?

Feminism is the only ideology that guesss that sex activity is a form of discrimination, if non the strongest of social boundaries comp ard to race, status, and nationality. For this reason feminists cerebrate on gender inequality and the specific roles that men and fair sexhood lead in every solar day life as a result of gender discrimination. Feminism apprize be traced back to 1405 in the book by Christine de Pisans Book of the City of Ladies. This book contained the basic skeleton of thought that is present in modern day womens liberation gallery, as it celebrates and highlights women and their contribution through out history, similar to cultural womens lib.This clearly shows that from long ago there has al agencys been a demand for equal rights betwixt the sexes. In the last century many schools of feminist thought get down emerged as a result of this question of equality and many different remedies excite similarly come as result. Today feminism is an ideology that has a very broad horizon, which is only normal for an area as vast and shapeless as gender. Liberal feminism emerged in the 1850s and was the school of thought that dominated start undulation feminism.Liberal feminism is the belief that focussed on woman enjoying the same rights as men, and for this reason depression wave feminism focussed on the public expanse of politics. Liberal feminists believed that the problem was in the policy-making sphere of life, as woman at the cartridge holder were literally non allowed in the public sphere of life. The British suffrage movement lead by mother and daughter Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst in the 1903 organised many forms of protest that were aimed at achieving the goal of the female vote.The feminists at the time thought that gaining the vote would be the most principal(prenominal) right that women needed, and as a result the other gender divides in society would disappear. For this reason it is understandable to see wh y feminists at the time thought gaining the vote would solve inequality between the sexes as the external rights would affect everyday life, and internal affairs. Legislation was the only way that woman could gain the vote, and shore equality.Once the bill had been passed than it would be the responsibility of the ruling body to implement and protect that laws and this would mean woman having the same protected rights as men, or so they thought so. The methods that the suffragettes used to achieve this ranged from handing out leaflets, chaining themselves to property, and even to the use of hunger strikes. These methods no doubt gained media attention, but not necessarily positive media attention. However these forms of protests did emergence awareness among other woman, and also inspired others to join the movement as well.The movement grew through out the 19th century, and had the clear focus of gaining the vote. Despite womans lucid contribution to society it was only until th e start if the First World War when they could prove they were just as capable as men were. When the war was oer and won in 1918, woman over the age of thirty were deed overn the right to vote in 1920. This right to vote was given for many reasons, woman had proved that they could do the mens jobs, and were just as capable. Also the government realised that as growing power in the world, the British workforce would be stronger if women were a part of the workforce as well.The voting franchise was further extended to woman aged 18 in 1928. The goal of first wave feminism had been achieved, woman had the vote and but this caused the movement lose the impetus. But it was clear that inequality still remained between the sexes, gaining the female vote had raised the political status of women slightly, but failed to achieve the original goal of pay backing equality between the sexes. . The feminist movement did not stop here, but instead the opposition happened, feminists had to look a t the bigger picture and not just rely on one piece of legislation to solve inequality.Where did inequality start? How is it maintained? But mostly, if gaining the vote didnt end equality than what would? These questions were the main focus of second wave feminism, which emerged decades later in the 60s. Second wave feminism aimed at achieving the goals that first wave feminism failed to achieve, and for this reason the movement this time was dominated by a more contemporary approach, radical feminism. In 1963 Betty Frieden wrote The feminine mystique, and the first chapter was called The enigma With No Name.This problem was what most women were going through at the time. Trying to live up to the perfect images of a housewife, but at the same time feeling empty and not knowing their true identity. The problem with no name took the idea of true liberation for woman. If woman were liberated in their personal lives, and then this in turn would liberate in the public sphere. Betty Fri eden stressed on the message that women should not coup themselves up at home, and should pass their horizons through striving for true liberation.Radical feminists like Kate Millett took this new perspective of focussing on womans everyday lives further, when the concept of patriarchy was discussed in her book familiar Politics written in 1969. Patriarchy literally means rule by the father, but feminists use this term to describe mens general handedness in society. Radical feminists believe that patriarchy is how men maintain the position over women in society. When looking at patriarchy radical feminists like to focus on everyday relationships between men and women.For example when a woman irons her husbands clothes, this can show how men for their own benefit use women and also how woman are confined to the house. It also shows that patriarchy starts from the home, and is built in the family structure rule by the father. Women are socialised into believing that they are inferi or to men, they are socialised to be weak, and as Simone de Beauvoir said Woman are not born they are made. Thus the only way to get rid of patriarchy is summarised in the statement The personal is the political, meaning woman should liberate themselves in their personal lives as well.Gaining the vote didnt bring equality, because patriarchy starts from the family (the heart of society), patriarchy is maintained through socialisation, and patriarchy in turn shapes society. The radical feminist Shulasmith Firestone looks at how women are biologically weaker than men, and how this makes it possible for men to dominate women. She argues that woman have the force to have babies, this links to menstruation, breast- feeding, and childbirth, which are all disadvantages as they limit what a woman can do in her life.These biological characteristics also take away large amounts of freedom from women. One of the reasons why woman are mostly in low paid, part time work, is because they have ot her commitments at home. Most of the high well-paid jobs, are dominated by men, this may be because of the gaps in employment that woman take when gravid and so fail to get promoted. Her solution to this is to defy womens nature with the aid of modern technology. Ideally women should have complete control over their ability to give birth and this go away mean that children will be born outside the womb.However women taking control of their biology will only be the first step towards women being completely in control of every aspect if their lives. Radical feminism goes against Liberal feminism in one way, liberal feminists believe that the state and legislation is the solution to gaining equality. However radical feminists believe that the state is used as a tool that keeps women in an inferior position in society. Radical feminism also believes in the concept of sisterhood, and this is shown through how Shulasmith Firestone, stresses that the biological family is present in all s ocieties.Showing that all women are suffering, and weak as a result of their biology. This is why radical feminists believe that woman should all be united in their struggle, against men, and towards true liberation. Sisterhood is important to radical feminists, as it strengthens the movement, and woman will be able to seek strength in each other rather than rely on men. The other schools of feminists thought that have come about after the 60s is Marxist feminism, which focuses on how woman are abused by the capitalist system.Marxists feminists like Sue Sharpe states that women are used as a surplus labour force ready for to be used and disposed of easily. Also that women are drained of their energy and time, through maintaining the present workforce (their husbands), and also at the same time rearing the future workforce (their children). Marxist feminists stress on how woman are used and abused in both the home and the workplace, and men dominate both environments. Another school of feminist thought is ecofeminism, which looks at the link between nature and females.Ecofeminists like avant-garde Plumwood believe that the world would be a better place if women were in charge. The reason for this is that woman innately are more caring than men, they have they ability to raise children and nurture human life. Ecofeminists also focus on the state of the world today, pollution, global warming, the dumping of toxic wastes, and other environmental issues. But some(prenominal) feminists argue that this form of feminism is reactionary, meaning that it takes woman backwards away from progress, as it is taking the female role back to biology.This is similar to pro-womnism that also focuses on the positive side about womens role to reproduce. These two schools of thought would clash with radical feminist who believe that women are handicapped due to their nature. Black feminism is a school of feminist thought, which mixes race with gender. It is the argument that white woman dominates the feminist movement and political scene mainly. This may be true as it was the middle class women, that had the time and the money to involve themselves in politics, and they were usually white. vernal feminism can be viewed as the third wave of feminism but it hasnt really come crashing like the other two previous waves. Maybe because the movement has passed its use but feminists would argue that the movement still has its aims. New feminism believes in breaking the link between the personal and the political hence the personal is less political. This has been done because many women are throw off by the obtrusive nature of the slogan. The statement shows that new feminism is trying to make women more comfortable with being feminists.This is ideal for women who do not want the their public life to mix with their private life. New feminism also looks at issues like abortion, pornography, which are controversial and affect woman greatly. This shows that it is not the end of the line for feminism because women constantly face new problems in a modern growing society, and need organisations that will help them. The feminist movement has changed greatly through out the past century, and no doubt a great deal has been achieved.Feminism by having these different stages has shown the world that it is almost evolutionary, and will be around for a longer time. Organisations like NOW are one of the biggest in America, and lobby a vast range of issues concerning women. Women today are still benefiting from the work of the past feminists, in areas of education, work, and politics. Overall the feminist movement has been a success, a remedy for true equality and liberation may not of been found yet. But instead many have been put forward, which have caused women to think further and also think for the future of personkind as well.

One Hundred Years of Solitude by Marquz – Destructive Consequences of Solitude IOP

Solitude is defined as remoteness from beau monde or the state of being remote from others. In Marquez OHYOS, solitude is what ultimately brings the village of Macondo to its tragic end. passim the novel we explore the interesting theme of the various forms and reasons behind solitude and its consequences. Psychological studies show that, on the individual level, various involve argon assumed to promote growth and self-actualization.For instance, John Burtons Deviance, Terrorism and war specifies eight basic human necessities the need for others response (and consistency thereof) stimulation security (for instance, freedom from fooling preoccupation with death fears) recognition (through which individuals receive social confirmations that their reactions to social stimulations atomic number 18 relevant and approved) distributive referee (not merely a consistency in response but a response or reinforcement deemed appropriate in terms of individuals experiences and expectation s) the need to appear rational (which follows from the need for consistency of response modestness c everys attention to the fact that there is a need for consistent behavior in others) need for mean to be deduced from consistent response and the need for a palpate of control. From this list ar various camps promoting the centrality of their characteristic need systems.These include, for instance, the need to be ache, to bond or connect with others the need for centerfulness and the need for transcendence. As put by Richard Nixon, Unless a person has a reason to live for other than himself, he will die initiatory mentally, then emotionally, then physically. Studies of terminally ill individuals reveal the need for assurance that they turn in a legacy, that their lives make a difference, and that others are who they are because of oneself and that these others will carry ones memory with them. The mere fact that isolation is usually known as a form of torture demonstrates th at too much solitude leads to destructive consequences.These studies are relative to my topic because throughout the novel we encounter situations in which characters are driven to insanity as a result of their solitude, even if it is a self-selected decision. To quote Francis Bacon, Whosoever is delighted with solitude is either a ill-judged beast or god. One is the example of Jose Arcadio Buendia, the premiere great solitary of the novel. He becomes so preoccupy in his pursuit for truth and knowledge that he neglects his family and ultimately loses all touch with outer reality. some other is the example of Colonel Aureliano Buendia, who retreats into the solitude of his sadness and becomes incapable of expressing emotion other than sorrow and resignation.Aureliano Buendia is an interesting character because, in the novel, he first expresses his clear preference for solitude after his encounter with a girl who is coerce to sleep with other men in order to pay her debt to her grandmother. Because he feels uncomfortable in society, he retreats into the comfort of his own solitude, which brings me to introduce psychologist Abraham Maslows hierarchy of demand. The hierarchy of needs is a sequential, graduating set of needs that a person must satisfy to reach ones full potential or self-actualization. The needs are class-conscious bottom from top as physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, self-esteem needs, and self actualization.These needs must be satisfied in order to get to the top, but one may go backward as well as forward, which relates to the theme of time as a cycle, and the Buendias inability to progress. Because they are unwilling to communicate outside of themselves, the Buendia family is never able to move forward but moves instead in cycles, or a downward spiral, collapsing in on itself. According to Marlow, when one is unable to achieve the needs of love and belonging, it is assumed they regress back to the stage of secu ring their safety needs, which is most clearly demonstrated in Aureliano Buendias case. The solitary characters are oftentimes contrasted to the antisolitary characters of the novel such as Ursula Buendias and pilar Ternera, and other characters who battle their solitude.Ursula Buendias and pilar Ternera both live very long lives and devote their lives to strengthening social bonds. In her younger years, Pilar Ternera comforts the Buendia men with her sex and bear many of their children. She is extremely prosperous as the madame of a nunnery, which stands for a bountiful sexuality. Many other instances in the novel indicate that sex and love is used to combat solitude, especially the notion of free love. The most obvious example for this is perhaps the cold, barren relationship of Aureliano Segundo and Fernanda del Carpio in contrast with his relationship with Petra Cotes, in which his farm animals begin to proliferate and bring him great prosperity.This instance conveys the nub that sexual liberation leads to progress and prosperity. Incest is a secondary theme of solitude. Essentially, incest is the practice of keeping family members within the family, which demonstrates the Buendias clothe of isolating themselves from the rest of the community and their inability to reach out to others. The incest that occurs throughout the novel only perpetuates the Buendias solitude, and reflects the ultimate destruction of the town. From the very beginning of the novel, Ursula warns of deformity as a result of incestuous relationships, and ironically, the last of the Buendias is born(p) with the tail of a pig, and ends the family line.The novel ends with an interesting passage, in which the narrator explains, He had already understood that he would never leave races condemned to 100 years of solitude did not have a second fortune on earth. Here solitude can be seen very differently, portraying the solitude of Latin the States forced upon their race by the West, w ho denies their access to the opportunities of the developed world, in comparison to the Buendias inability to join the base world. The opposite of solitude is solidarity, says Marquez. Solidarity is defined as a union of interests, purposes or sympathies among members of a group, or a fellowship of responsibilities and interests, an obvious lacking quality in the town of Macondo.Psychological studies show that social systems have various needs to function successfully. There is, for instance, the social need for a collectively shared sense of order and that rules for a societys game board of life are understood and respected by all social actors. An ordered world is a predictable world and the essence of society is the predictability of its members actions. There are the needs for solidarity between social members (including, as anthropologist Clyde Kluckhohn observed, a set of common values that give meaning and purpose to group life), their willingness to accept their social dut ies and to make personal sacrifices for the welfare of others, and their cooperation with each other.Further, if we descry social systems to be analogous to organisms struggling to survive in potentially hostile environments, there are such individual needs as defense, coordinated action toward collective goals, and the ability to adapt to thought-provoking new internal and external conditions. The Buendias are obviously lacking in this cooperative quality and often struggle with their meaning in life, which is reflected in the destruction of the town. In quoting HG Wells, A downtrodden class.. will never be able to make an effective protest until it achieves solidarity. In order for the Buendias to leave their solitude, solidarity must first be achieved. From this it can be concluded that Marquez is promoting the same message for the solitude of Latin America, having been so long controlled by the West, before they must suffer the consequences of Macondo and the Buendia family.

Representations of Love in Much Ado About Nothing

Explore representations of go to bed in a great deal squabble About null In Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare use ups literary structures such as doubles and opposites in company to emphasise the plays main themes and ideas. McEachern claims It is undoubtedly the most socially and psychologically realistic of his comedies, in its portrayal of the foibles generosities of communal life. (McEachern, 2006, 1) One main theme I want to explore is spang and how Shakespeare represents this in Much Ado About Nothing. The two main genres in Shakespeares dramas are tragedy and comedy.Tragedy eternally ends in death and comedy always ends in a marriage. Although Much Ado inevitably ends in marriage, it differs from some of Shakespeares other romantic comedies as his other comedies usually portray savor in a much more than unrealistic way. Much Ado About Nothing is best cognize for the merry war between one of its two couples, and an oxymoron could also describe this comedys identi ty as a whole. Shakespeare offers a play of light and dark, of romantic union wrested from fear and animosity and of social harmony soothing the savagery of psychic violence (McEachern, 2006, 1)In Act 1 survey 1, founding father Pedro, prince of Arragon arrives with his bastard brother Don John, and his two friends Claudio and benedict. It is in this Act that Beatrice and Benedick premier(prenominal) accommodate and the war of wits begin. Leonato states There is a kind of merry war betwixt Signior Benedick and her Beatrice they never meet but there is a skirmish of wit between them. (Much Ado, Act 1 burst 1, 520) Although their words seem quite hateful to one another, at the same time it whitethorn also come across as flirtatious.Before Beatrice even meets Benedick, she expresses her distaste for him, however, she talks about him in such great depth it is almost more like an obsession than hatred. Benedick teases Beatrice by grammatical construction I am loved of all ladies , only you excepted and I would I could find it in my eye that I had not a hard heart for, truly, I love none. (Act 1 scene 1, 521) to which Beatrice replies A dear happiness to women they would else have been troubled with a pernicious suitor.I thank God and my bleak blood, I am of your humour for that I had rather hear my dog bark at a crow than a man swear he loves me (Act 1 Scene 1, 521) By using the characters of Beatrice and Benedick, Shakespeare mocks the formulaic type of love, romantic love, which is expressed by hoagy and Claudio. This is also an example of how Shakespeare uses doubles in his play, as he uses the two couples to express two types of love. One being more realistic, that of Beatrice and Benedick, and the other being the more unrealistic, over the top romantic love expressed by Hero and Claudio.Even though the eyepatch is largely based on Hero and Claudios descent, the witty banter and seemingly unromantic relationship between Beatrice and Benedick seem s much more interesting to the reader and we are more interested in how their relationship will develop. It is this relationship that seems much more believable compared to Claudio and Heros fairytale love at first sight. It is through contrasting these two different types of love and through the different use of style that Shakespeare can mock the conventional romantic love. Claudio uses a totally different style of language to Benedick when they both speak of love.Benedick is highly cynical and negative about love where as Claudio is more pretentious and elaborate when he speaks about Hero, for example when he says Can the world cloud such a Jewel? (Act 1 scene 1, 522). This language is completely different to the way that benedick speaks to Beatrice as the first thing he says to her is My dear Lady disdain Are you yet hold? (Act 1 scene 1, 521) Benedick also speaks of his frustration of Claudios eloquent language when speaking of love as he states He was wont speak plain and to the purpose, like an honest man and a soldierhis words are a very(prenominal) fantastical banquet, just so many antic dishes. (Act 1 Scene 3, 529) This however is quite hypocritical of him as in Act 4 Scene 1, Benedick confesses his love for Beatrice and states I do love nothing in the world so hale as you is that not strange? (Act 4, Scene 1, 541) to which Beatrice responds I love you with so much of my heart, that none is leftover to protest (Act 4, scene 1, 541) This shows how dramatically their relationship has changed as the witty banter and insults have turned into confessions of love for one another.It is often difficult to understand and accept the love between Hero and Claudio as it is so unrealistic. They fall in love with each other before they even truly get to sock one-another, which therefore makes their love and marriage seem quite false and shallow. The fact that Claudio does not question Don John when he professes that Hero has been unfaithful, yet instead believes his word to be true, questions whether the love he has for Hero is sincere.Surely Claudio would confront his future wife before coming to any sort of conclusion, however, even her accept father believes this to be true and states why she, oh she is fallen/ into a pit of ink, that the wide sea/ hath drops in addition few to wash her clean again,/ and salt too little, which may season give/ to her foul cloud flash (Act 4 Scene 1, 540) Another aspect of the play that makes Hero and Claudios love very unrealistic is heros willingness to forgive Claudio after his bold accusations of her infidelity.If his love for her was as strong and respectable as he made out, he would be more trusting of Hero in the first place. However, she seems to disregard this and does not question his behaviour, but instead is willing to carry on with the marriage. Bibliography McEachern,Claire. Much Ado About Nothing. 2006. the Arden Shakespeare Shakespeare, W. The Complete Works of William Shakes peare. 1996. Wordsworth Editions Limited

Popular Culture Essay Essay

Although there are some split of public socialization that make it into high culture, popular culture is transient it describes the management of life, attitudes, and passions of mostly younger throng. These views usually change as they age and gain real life experience. This look for will cover culture, popular culture, three major trends in popular American culture and how popular American culture affects personal decision making. agriculture is the united design of social understanding, faith, and conduct that hinges on the ability to search for knowledge and spread it to future generations. It is also the ordinary principles, collective customs, and measurable qualities of ethnic, religious, or a community. (Oxford English Dictionary, 2012) The soul takes nothing with her to the next world but her education and her culture. (Plato, 2012) best-selling(predicate) heathen is the understanding and actions of a particular set of people in a particular era.It is also telec asting shows (like Reality TV) or marketable goods (like sagging pants, oversized shirts, hats designed to be worn backward, etc.) made for, or targeted at particular set of people. (Oxford English Dictionary, 2012) In this students imprint popular culture comes and goes and only defines an era not its people. Three major trends in todays society are a digital society, sexual explicitness, and a general lack of personal responsibility. Americans live in a digital society that relies on technology more than personal relationships. We do a great cut across of shopping and purchasing online and have become a society where the sexier it is the better. Almost everything on television, in magazines, and change surface our music have become permeated with sexual overtones and innuendos.Finally, we have a dilemma with the lack of personal responsibility in our country recently there have been several lawsuits against fast food restaurants for making people fat. Americans need to accept responsibility for our own actions it was not the fast food restaurants that made us fat, alternatively it was our decision to eat there that did. Popular American culture affects personal decision making conglomerate ways, whether it is the type of food we buy, the music we listen to, electronics we purchase, and even the people we date. In this students opinion the Internet is the single most influential popular culture influencer of our time.We use it for everything from dating, shopping, exploring, studying, traveling, relaxing, and so much more. Popular cultureaffects us in almost every decision we make. Although there are some parts of popular culture that makes it into high culture, popular culture is transient. This essay covered culture, popular culture, three major trends in popular American culture and how popular American culture affects personal decision making. Culture is made of everything that enables man to maintain, enhance or transform without weakening it, the ideal image of himself that it has inherited. (Malraux, 2001)ReferencesMalraux, A. (2001, May 2). UCL Discours recteur wave Crochet. Retrieved from http//sites.uclouvain.be/actualites/dhc2001/drecteur.html Oxford English Dictionary. (2012, June). Retrieved from http//www.oed.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/view/Entry/45746?rskey=BftxmA&result=1&isAdvanced=falseeid Plato. (2012, June 4). Here, There, and Everywhere. Retrieved from http//www.psychologytoday.com/blog/here-there-and-everywhere/201206/whats-after-30-quotes-the-afterlife

Ending the War Against Japan Essay

In the article, Ending The War Against Japan Science, Morality And The atomic Bomb, the author provides information on the war in the Pacific which involved the joined States and Japan. After the Nipponese attack on Pearl Harbor the United States entered the second World War in 1941. United States gained control of Okinawa in 1945 which meant that the U.S had control, in the months of May through August there were major air attacks on Japan, the Manhattan Project and the two atomic bombs the United States dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki were part of the choice out of the some(prenominal) fillings that readiness have been given to President Truman and Secretary of War, Henry Stimson.They felt that dropping the atomic bomb was the outgo representation to get the Nipponese to give an unconditional drop by the wayside. The three fillings that the author gives in this article ar based on three different outcomes that could have changed the way the Pacific War ended. The firs t option would allow President Truman to end the war peacefully, and it would have also allowed the Nipponese to withdraw from the war without attaint to their leader and allay the thousands of Japanese individuals by not qualification the United States have to make the choice of dropping the atomic bombs. This option would have let Truman show that We as Americans have not drop to the level of our enemies We should end the war now in a manner that reflects the value we place on the sanctity of human life and the dignity of the individual.The author gives Truman a second option and this option approaches the war in the Pacific with a demonstration of the atomic bomb in efforts to force the Japanese to surrender without condition. This includes the uprising of the Manhattan Project which gave the United States the weapon of almost inconceivable power with the scare evasive action of the demonstration this gives the Japanese leaders an idea of what would come if they continued o n resisting a withdraw.The American masses felt as though they have put everything on the line to defeat the Japanese and would care nothing less than to see them surrender unconditionally and as long as we are victorious responsible authority on our terms of the Japanese surrender we can end the war and append strength and peace. The third and final option that Truman could have chosen would be to go fourth with the round plan without the demonstration of the atomic bombs in the deserted Pacific a demonstration provided little purpose. The Japanese have fought a merciless war of aggression.They neither expect nor deserve mercy. We were in pauperisation of a quick victory and the only way to make japan admit failure and surrender was with strong military force. It was too late for any negotiations with the Japanese emperor, this plan gave President Truman the chance to save more American lives many of the other choices might have resulted in more American deaths. With the per plexity attack on Pearl Harbor and the torture of allies this option to drop as many bombs as needed without warning might have been the only way to send an effective core to the emperors of Japan.After reading the options that the author gives about the different outcomes Truman could have made and If I were Truman and I was making the decision I would have chosen option number two, Because I feel as though the atomic bomb being used for a scare tactic is a great way to show our power but also show our respect for the Japanese. The demonstration of the bombs would allow us to inflect our roles in America and prevent the unmoral killing of Americans and Japanese.